论文标题:城镇贫困人口社会救助问题研究
论文作者
论文导师 刘晓梅,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会保障
论文单位 东北财经大学,点击次数 273,论文页数 55页File Size2936K
论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_220475737/
poverty;; urban poor;; Social Relief;; the lowest living security system
贫困几乎是人类面临的永恒的挑战，而城市贫困更是一个世界性的突出问题。改革开放以来，伴随着经济的持续高速发展和社会的不断进步，我国居民收入增长迅速。但同时，随着经济结构的调整，居民收入差距不断扩大，产生了城市贫困群体。这种伴随经济增长而产生的贫困现象，无论是在发达国家还是在发展中国家，都不同程度地存在着。因此，关于城市贫困问题的研究成为世界学术论坛的热点之一。同时，城市贫困已成为我国面临的和必须正视的一个现实而又重大的社会问题。因此，对我国城市居民社会救助制度进行研究，具有重要的理论与现实意义。 在社会救助体系中，最低生活保障制度占据着最重要的地位，而且亦成为中国整个社会保障体系中的重要组成项目。本文以盘锦市的最低生活保障制度为研究对象，走访了盘锦市的相关政府部门，收集了大量的统计数据，并且通过小组访谈的形式，对盘锦市最低生活保障制度的实施情况有了深入的了解。此外，笔者还广泛收集了大量的有关社会救助理论的研究资料，采取定性研究与定量研究相结合、理论与实践相结合的科学的研究方法，在注意理论的完整性和科学性的同时，强调了对现实的关注。 本文首先对“贫困”和“城镇贫困人口”做出了界定，从四个不同的立场和角度分别对“贫困”做出了解释，包括贫困的表象和导致贫困产生的深层次原因等。在我国，从现阶段来看，城镇贫困人口即是收入低于当地城镇最低生活保障线以下的居民，也就是我们通常所说的低保家庭。进而，笔者对社会救助理论做出了系统的概述，包括社会救助的含义、内容以及救助对象。本文进一步探索了导致贫困的深层次原因，包括个人原因和社会原因两种，但本文重点关注的是社会原因，包括劳动就业的排斥、社会保险的破露等，以及社会支持网络的缺失。 本文尝试性地以制度为视角来研究城市居民最低生活保障制度，重点讨论了盘锦市城市居民最低生活保障制度的特点和制度运行中存在的问题。通过统计数据的分析，我们发现近年来，资源型城市的居民收入增长速度低于非资源型城市，而且伴随着资源的开发和利用，他们赖以生存的这种资源终有枯竭的一天，也就是说资源型城市将会出现更严重的贫困现象，会有更多的需要救助的弱势群体，这里的社会稳定面临的威胁也会更严重。因此，如何构建出符合中国国情的综合性贫困救助体系显得尤为重要。针对制度运行中出现的问题，笔者在文章的最后提出了几点政策建议。要完善制度的架构，加强低保制度与其他制度的衔接；在资金运行方面，建立合理的财政分担机制；加强管理体系建设；最后提出“可持续生计”这一概念，笔者认为城市反贫困的最终出路还在于就业。
Poverty is nearly a perpetual challenge to human beings, while urban poverty is even a global highlighted problem. Since reform and opening up, along with the sustained and rapid development of economic and social progress, Chinese people"s income has been increasing rapidly. However, with the adjustment of economic structure, the gap of people"s income is gradually widening, thus brings about the urban poor. To a certain extent, this kind of poverty following economic development exists in both developed and developing countries. Therefore, research on urban poverty becomes one of the high points in the world"s academic forum. Meanwhile, urban poverty has become a realistic and significant social problem that we must face and solve. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to research Chinese social relief system of urban residents. In the social relief system, the lowest living security system occupies the most important position, and has also become an important component in Chinese social security system. This thesis researches on the lowest living security system in Panjin. We visited the relevant government departments in Panjin, and collected a lot of statistical data. And through the form of interview, we had a deeper understanding of the implementation of the lowest living security system. In addition, around the subject, the author has collected a large amount of theory research datum. Making use of scientific research method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, theory and practice, the paper emphasizes the reality while paying attention to the integrated and scientific theory. At first, the paper defines the meaning of "poverty" and "urban poor", the author makes an explanation of "poverty" from four different positions, including the superficial poverty and the deep causes of leading to poverty. In China, from the view at this stage, the urban poor are these residents whose income is lower than the local line of minimum standard of living, what we usually refer to the minimal security families. Further, the author summarizes the theory of social relief system, including the meaning of social relief, content and target. This paper has discussed the deep causes of poverty, including personal reasons and social causes, and it focused on the social causes, including the exclusion of labor and employment, the break of social insurance and so on, and the lack of other social support networks. This paper attempts to study the lowest living security system of urban residents from the system perspective. It focuses on the characteristics of the lowest living security system in Panjin and the problems that exist in the operation of the system. Through the analysis of statistical data, we discover that the growth rate of income in resource-based cities has been lower than non-resource-based cities in recent years. Along with the development and utilization, these resources which they live on will eventually dry up one day. That is to say there will be more serious poverty in resource-based cities, more vulnerable groups and the more serious threats which social stability faces. Therefore, how to construct a series of comprehensive poverty relief system with Chinese conditions appears to be particularly important. To the problems that exist in the operation of the system, the author concludes several policy advices at last. It is necessary to improve the structure of the system, strengthening the link of the lowest living security system and other systems. About capital operation, it should establish a reasonable sharing of the financial mechanism. And it must strengthen the construction of management system. In the end, the author puts forward a concept called "sustainable livelihoods", and the ultimate way of anti-poverty still lies in employment.
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