论文标题:当代中国计划生育史研究
Historical Research on Family Planning of Comtemporary China
论文作者 杨发祥
论文导师 杨树标,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 浙江大学,点击次数 194,论文页数 278页File Size23418k
2003-12-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_22364857/ 计划生育,人口,差异,社会变迁,可持续发展,历史研究
family planning;population;differences;social changes;sustainable development;historical research
计划生育是当代中国历史上关系国计民生的重大事件。改革开放以后，计划生育成为我国的基本国策之一。开展计划生育历史的研究，对中国人口的现代化及社会经济的可持续发展无疑具有重大的理论与现实意义。 除导言和结语外，本文共分九章。 导言部分阐述了选题的缘起和意义、研究现状，简单介绍了基本文献资料，交代了本文涉及的相关概念、研究方法和研究创新。 第一章主要介绍了中国计划生育的历史渊源。包括中国古代的计划生育思想、近代以来的国内外计划生育思想及活动。 第二至第六章分阶段阐述了中国计划生育的发展历程。1949年以来，我国计划生育大体经历了五个较长的发展阶段。第一阶段(1949-1961年)，是我国计划生育的提出与论争时期。其中，1949-1953年，是计划生育工作的缺失与提出阶段；1954-1957年，计划生育政策出台与初步开展阶段；1958-1961年，计划生育步入发展的歧路阶段。第二阶段(1962-1970年)，是我国计划生育的再起与停顿时期。1962-1965年，是计划生育的提出及其在部分市、县的试点阶段；1966-1970年，计划生育陷于停顿阶段。第三阶段(1971-1978年)，是计划生育的勃兴与普及时期。以[71]51号文件的发表为标志，中国计划生育进入实质性的发展时期。第四阶段(1979-1991年)，是计划生育的开拓与发展时期。1979-1984年，是计划生育的深入开展和政策调适阶段。1985-1991年，是计划生育规范化与制度化时期。第五阶段(1992年以来)，是计划生育的新形势和新探索时期。1992年以后，随着社会主义市场经济体制目标的确立，我国步入体制转型时期，计划生育工作适应新形势发展，迎接新的挑战，进行新的调适，逐步摸索出了一套社会主义市场经济条件下的计划生育工作运行机制，成功地探索出了一条具有中国特色的综合治理人口问题的道路。 第七章主要阐述了计划生育在运作实践中相关政策、运作机制及实际效果的地方差异，城乡之间、汉族和少数民族之间、流动人口与常住人口之间、军事单位与非军事单位之间、涉外婚姻与本土婚姻之间等呈现出多层次特征。我国计划生育今后工作的重点和难点仍在农村和流动人口上，这是稳定低生育水平的关键。在本章中，还阐述了我国计划生育的法制化道路。包括“计划生育”被写入宪法和相关基本法律中，计划生育地方性法规和行政法规、部门规章的作用，《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》的颁布和实施等。 第八章主要阐述计划生育的推行带来的社会变迁，包括计划生育对妇女、儿童、老人及家庭规模、功能和结构类型的影响，计划生育与我国经济发展、生态环境和人口自身可持续发展的相互关系，计划生育与城乡生育观念的转变以及新型生育文化的生长等。 第九章主要阐述计划生育的国际比较、中外交往及国际评价，从而更好地认识中国的计划生育政策及其实施效果与国际环境。 结语主要阐述了中国计划生育的跨世纪回顾与反思，包括中国计划生育的发展轨迹、计划生育的特点与影响、成功经验与存在的问题等，并根据人口与计划生育发展规律和几种可供选择的方案，对我国人口与计划生育发展趋势进行了战略性前瞻与预测。
Historical Research on Family Planning of Comtemporary ChinaThe implement of family planning is a great strategic decision in the Comtemporaiy Chinese history, which has a bearing on the national economy and people"s livelihood. After China"s reform and opening up to the outside world, family planning has become one of the country"s basic policies. The research on the history of family planning undoubtedly has great theoretical and practical significance on China"s population modernization and the sustainable development of China"s society and economy.This dissertation includes 9 chapters besides the Introduction and Conclusion.The Introduction sets forth the reasons and meanings of the topic selection, research status quo, simply introduces the basic literature and materials and explains the related concepts, research methods and innovations.Chapter 1 mainly introduces the historical origins of family planning in China, including the family planning thoughts in ancient China and the domestic and foreign family planning thoughts in modern times.From Chapter 1 to Chapter 6, in this dissertation, stag by stage, deals with the development process of the family planning in China. Since 1949,China"s family planning has undergone 5 development stages by and large. Stage 1(1949-1961) is a period when the family planning was put forward and debated. Exactly, froml 949-1953, family planning work was lacked and put forward; from 1954-1957, family planning policy just came on and was preliminarily carried out; from 1958-1961, China"s family planning turned onto development crossroad. Stage 2(1962-1970) is a period when China"s family planning began to come back and then came to standstill. Exactly, froml 962-1965, family planning was put forward again and experimented in some cities and counties; from 1966-1970, family planning fell into stop. Stage 3(1971-1978) is the period when family planning sprung up and gained ground. Marked by the release of No. [71]51 Document, China"s family planning entered the substantive period. Stage 4 (1979-1991) is the period when family planning was further exploited and developed. Exactly, from 1979-1984,family planning was deeply carried out and its policy was adjusted; from 1985-1991, family planning was standardized and systemized. Stage 5(1992---) is the period when family planning has taken a new look and has to be further explored. Since 1992,especially with the establishment of the socialist market economy system, China has entered a system transformation period. And family planning has gradually fumbled out an operation mechanism, which is suitable for the conditions of the socialist market economy and successfully explored a new road with the Chinese characteristics by which China"s population problems can be comprehensively managed.Chapter 7 mainly deals with the local differences in related policies, operation mechanism, and real results in the practice of family planning and the multi-layer characters which appear between city and countryside, the Han nationality and minorities, floating and permanentpopulations, military and unmilitary units, foreign and domestic marriage. The emphasis and difficulty of China"s family planning still lie in the countryside and floating population, which is the key to keeping a low bearing level. This chapter also deals with the legalization of China"s family planning, which includes the writing of family planning into the Constitution and related basic laws, the functions of local and administrative laws and departmental regulations and the issue and implement of Population and Family Planning Law of the People"s Republic of China.Chapter 8 mainly deals with the social changes that family planning has brought about, including the influences of family planning on women, children, elders, the scale, function and structure of the family, the interactions between family planning and economic development, ecological environments and the sustainable development of population itself, the changes of family planning and be
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