论文标题:会话含义推导的正负偏离
The Positive and Negative Inferential Deviations of Conversational Implicature
论文作者 吴雅莉
论文导师 廖光蓉,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 外国语言学及应用语言学
论文单位 湖南师范大学,点击次数 267,论文页数 90页File Size2882k
2004-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2313862/ 种类;负偏离;成因与对策;正偏离;形式与功能
types; the negative deviation; causes and counter measures;the positive deviation; forms and functions
会话含义推导偏离现象是在对语言的推理过程中,从一个语句的受话人或分析者的角度而不是从发话人的角度来定义的,在语言应用过程当中是很普遍的现象。然而,作为一个研究者我们并不能满足于在传统的语法结构和词义之上的解释,我们也注意到产生语言的逻辑规则和客观语义特征是储存在记忆中的,也就是说,会话含义推导偏离也是“认知的”,所以本文的目的就在于要从认知语言学的视角来更深刻地剖析会话含义推导的正负偏离,研究负偏离的产生原因和对策,正偏离的形式和功能等。这些也是本文的创新之处。。 本文共分四章。首先第一章阐述了与本文有关的国内外语言学者的研究成果,以及所要用到的理论的基础。第二章则主要介绍了会话含义推导的负偏离和正偏离的含义,负偏离是听者对话语的无意识的偏离,而正偏离则被看作是一种通过故意偏离发话人意图而产生的艺术形式。根据语境知识的分类,我把正负偏离分别分为语言知识下(语音、语法、语义和语用方面)的偏离现象和语言外知识下的偏离现象。也就是说,在有一定语境的前提下,仍有可能产生会话含义推导的正偏离和负偏离。第三章分析了负偏离产生的认知原因,以及消除的方法。语境不是唯一可以消除负偏离的途径,是因为话语的质和量发生偏离还要取决于人作用于物质世界所获得的经验、构造的意象图式、人的注意力对认知域、注意焦点(突显)、视角的抽象程度等认知因素的制约,正是由于有了这些心理因素的介入才会导致生活中常见的偏离。我们相信对世界的共同经验也会储存在语言中,可以从我们表达自己思维的方式中撷取,而我们的思维也有可能会对如何理解他人的思维表达产生影响。每句话都可能有多个语境知识,对于负偏离的解读我们需要借用概念整合理论,借用三个心理空间(空间一即话语,空间二即语境,空间三即推理)的概念的映射和合成来具体分析语用
The inferential deviation of conversational implicature is an inevitable phenomenon in the process of language use, notion of which is not defined from the angle of the speaker but the listener or the analyst of an utterance in the language inference processing. However, as researchers, we cannot be satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings. The logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory, that is to say, the deviational inference of conversational implicature is also "cognitive". So this thesis aims to analyze the negative and positive inferential deviations of conversational implicature from the cognitive linguistics viewpoints, to study the causes and counter measures of the negative deviation, the forms and functions of the positive deviation, etc., which are the significance of this thesis.The main body is divided into four chapters. Firstly Chapter One expounds related present results of linguists, and the theoretical bases used in the thesis. Chapter Two introduces the definitions of the negative and positive deviations. The inferential deviation of conversational implicature consists of two parts: one is the negative inferential deviation which refers to the listener"s unconscious misunderstanding of the hearer or the analyst, and the other is the positive inferential deviation which is considered as a kind of art in language use by means of deviating consciously form the speaker"s intention of a conversational implicature. Chapter Three analyzes the cognitive factors which may lead to the negative inferential deviation, and how to avoid or eliminate it. The reason why context is not the only way to avoid or eliminate the negative inferential deviation of conversational implicature is that it also relies on some cognitive factors such as experience acquired in interactions with the physical world, people"s attentions on domain, focus, prominence,
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