论文标题:社会保障制度研究
Changes of Overseas Chinese and Chinese Community in Japan since the Normalization of the Relationship between China and Japan
论文作者 庄志杰
论文导师 胡培兆,论文学位 博士,论文专业 政治经济学
论文单位 厦门大学,点击次数 58,论文页数 151页File Size6695k
2001-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_23727362/ 社会保障;制度改革;机制运行
social security,system reform,mechanism
社会主义的根本任务是发展生产力，不断满足人民日益增长的物质和文化生活需要，这其中就包括着社会保障需要。在大力发展社会主义市场经济的条件下，加强社会保障制度改革和社会保障体系的建立，对推动城乡改革的不断深入，尤其是加快国有企业的改革和现代企业制度的建立，更具有重要的作用，直接关系着经济的可持续发展和社会的长治久安。然而，我国社会保障制度却面临着理论落后于实践、制度建设相对滞后、指导思想前瞻不够、出台政策可操作性不强等一系列问题，已经影响我国的经济增长和体制改革以及社会发展的进程，引起了理论界及决策层的广泛关注。笔者近年来结合本职工作，在导师的辅导下对这一问题进行了比较深入的研究，但本论文提出的观点仅是我个人的意见，文责自负。 (一)选题意义 第一，社会保障制度改革是建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制的重要环节，也是保持社会稳定所必需。我国经济体制改革的总体目标是构建社会主义市场经济体制，社会保障制度就是社会主义市场经济运行的支撑和保障系统。市场经济实质上是市场对资源配置起基础性作用的一种制度体系，是通过激烈的竞争来实现的。除了年老退休外，在优胜劣汰这一“铁的规则”作用下，必然还会有部分工人下岗失业，失去生活保障。市场经济本身无法自动提供保障机制，只能由政府出面来构建社会保障体系，保障所有社会成员的基本生存需要，从而为市场经济运行提供“安全网”和“减震器”，弥补市场的缺陷，这正是政府职能与市场机制作用的一个重要结合点。长期以来，政府职能不清，缺位与越位并存，政府仍然在干着许多市场本可以干得更好的事，而往往却将市场经济条件下政府应当承担的职能置之身外，社会保障就是政府缺位的领域之一，引发了一些社会矛盾。相比发达市场经济国家，我国城镇失业率并不算高，之所以形成社会经济问题并引起政治层面的关注，主要原因还是社会保障功能不健全，劳动者一旦失去工作，就失去主要生活来源，往往不能及时得到 社会保障 制 度研究社会的帮助与扶持，就会形成社会不安定因素．这在一定程度上已经构成了对市场经济体制发育的一大障碍，也从反面证明了社会保障制度的重要意义． 第二，社会保障制度是深化国有企业改革的重要保证．国有企业改革是城市经济体制改革的中心环节，从放权让利到承包租赁，从转机建制到实行股份制，都遇到一个无法回避的重大障碍，就是在计划体制下国有企业形成的就业、福利、保障三位一体的旧体制没有被彻底打破．一方面，国有企业承担着职工生老病死的全程保障任务，企业办社会问题成为国有企业转换机制的沉重拖累，无法与其它所有制企业进行同一起跑点上的公平竞争．另一方面，长期以来形成的国有企业冗员过多问题，也阻碍着国有企业改革的步伐和力度，下岗职工、富余职工、失业人员及对他们的生活保障问题，成为改革中难以解决的一大难题．国有企业改革向深层次推进，传统体制下隐藏的矛盾就形成后顾之忧，“善后”任务日益迫切，影响着政府和企业改革的决心．因此，要尽快建立现代企业制度，一个重要的前提就是要加快社会保障制度改革，把养老、失业、医疗、住房等保障职能尽快从企业中分离出来，有效地减轻企业负担，把成本降下来，把结构调过来，把效益提上去，国有企业的生存和发展才会有希望． 第三，社会保障制度是促进经济发展、社会稳定的重要手段，从宏观经济运行角度看，社会保障制度由于其运作的特点而成市场经济运行中宏观调控机制的一项重要内容，它虽然不能直接改变国民财富的总量，但能通过对国民收入的再分配而改变国民经济运行的结构比例和流量，从而调节总供给与总需求的平衡，对国民经济运行起到“自动稳定器”的调节作用，成为政府可以掌握运用的宏观调控手段．同时，社会保障制度又是社会的“稳定器”，在发挥市场效率机制作用时兼顾社会公平，当一部分社会成员因生理条件、劳动能力、就业机会等情况造成收入不能维持基本生活需要时，就由社会来提供必要的保障，否则积累到一定程度就会导致社会动荡． 综上所述，对社会保障问题进行研究并提出对策，从而在制度上解决存在的问题，不仅具有部rl性的指导作用，而且对建立市场经济体制，深化国有企业改革，尤其对稳定社会发展生产具有理论和现实的指导意义． （二）研究方法和主要观点 在研究过程中，本文以唯物辩证法和唯物历史观为指导，综合运用马克思 互互 论文提要主义政治经济学、西方古典和当代经济理论等来分析问题，在研究方法上力求突出四个特点：一是注意把国外的先进经验同我国具体国情相结合，对我国今后的社会保障模式的选择和各项制度的建立与完善作出较为垛入的探讨和设计；二是研究体系上有所创新，不搞面面俱到，而是重点围绕社会保障制度创新的几个重要问题，如扩大保障覆盖面、开征社会保障税、建立
The basic task of socialism is to develop productivity and constantly satisfy the physical and the spiritual needs daily on the increase of the people, which include the need in social security. Today, we are trying our best to develop socialist market economy. Under this situation, strengthening the reform and the foundation of the social security system becomes more important; it is directly related to the economic development and social stabilization. However, the social security system faces a serial of problems, which include that the theory lags behind practice; and that the guiding principle is shortsighted with the policy un-operable. Those problems have cumbered the economic progress, the reform of the institution and the social development,arousing the concern of the economists and politicians. Under the instruction of the tutor, the author have research those questions with the help of personal career facility for a few years. The viewpoint put forward in the article are all on the author"s own responsibility.1. The purpose of the topicFirstly, the reform of social security system is an important step in the foundation and the perfection of socialist economic system. The final aim of economical system reform is to build the socialist market economy system. And the social security system is the foundation and the guarantee of its function. Market economy is a kind of system that allocates the social resource by the market. It is realized by competition. Under the rule of competition, it is inevitable that certain companies are washed out and certain employee lost their jobs and can"t make a living. Market economy system can"t provide security automatically,so the government is to build up a social security system to guarantee the basic living standard for all persons. By this way, government can provide a kind of safeguardVIfor the market economy and remedy the faults caused by the market. It is just the joint that the government function and the market mechanism meet. During the past years, the government function is not clear. The government still takes on a lot of jobs that the market can do better, while lets aside some functions that it should takes under the situation of market economy. Social security is one of the functions that are ignored by the government. It has caused some social problem. Compared with developed countries, the unemployment rate in China isn"t high, but which has aroused political concerned. The primary reason is that the social security function is unfit with the economy. So that once the employees are lay off, they are due to without income or the social support. Accordingly the society becomes unstable. In a sense, it has become an obstacle that can cumber the development of the market economy system.Secondly, social security can guarantee the reform of the state-owned enterprises. The reform of the state-owned enterprises is an important step in the reform of the city economy system. During the reform, we face a big obstacle formed in the planed economy system that we can"t get across. For one thing, the state-owned enterprises take the task of the whole-procedurde supporting of the employee. Thus, those enterprises can"t compete fair with other enterprises. For the other, the unemployed man and the security for them have become a big problem that can"t be tacked easily. Along with the development of the reform, this problem has become more remarkable. It even effects the reform decision that the government and the enterprises have made. So that, if we want to set up the modern enterprises system, the most important step is to quicken the process of the social security reform and take over the security burden from the enterprises.Thirdly, the social security system is an important measure that makes the society stable and makes the economy prosperity. From the view of macro-economy, social security system has been an important content hi the economy management for its characteristics. Although it can"t change GNP, it does change the economy structu
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