论文标题:城镇贫困人口的社会救助研究
Research on Urban-poverty Relief
论文作者
论文导师 江立华,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 73,论文页数 48页File Size2718K
2006-11-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_237371557/
poverty; the urban poor; poverty—relief
改革开放以来，我国城镇居民收入增长迅速。与此同时，随着经济结构的调整，居民收入不平等性不断扩大，产生了城镇贫困人口。1990年以前，我国的城镇贫困问题没有受到足够的重视，“扶贫攻坚”的工作重点是在农村。20世纪90年代以后，由于产业结构调整，下岗、失业等问题日益突出，政府开始正视城镇贫困问题，对城镇贫困问题十分重视，高层领导曾多次召开专门会议，研究解决这个问题，在党的十六届四中全会上提出的构建和谐社会的精神也蕴涵着解决城镇贫困问题这一要义。同时，学术界也开始从经济学、社会学等学科对相关问题进行研究。本文采取定性研究与定量研究相结合、理论与实践相结合的社会学研究方法，在注意理论的完整性和科学性的同时，强调了对现实的关注。 本文的第一章简要地对“贫困”和“城镇贫困人口”做出了界定，并介绍了研究方法，包括样本的抽取，作为整个研究的基础。在第二章中，主要通过问卷调查收集的数据，从收入水平、食品和衣着消费、住房、健康和医疗保健、精神生活等七个方面来分析城镇贫困人口的生存状态，并从宏观和微观两个角度来探讨致贫的原因。第三章是本文的主体，主要分析了现行城镇贫困人口的救助制度，包括下岗职工基本生活保障制度、失业保险制度以及最低生活保障制度的制度设计、实施效果和存在的不足。最后一章，本文提出了健全及完善城镇贫困人口社会救助机制的对策和建议，主要包括失业保险制度改革、完善城镇最低生活保障制度、发挥社区自组织的扶贫作用、开发城镇贫困人口的人力资源以及提供小额贷款。
Since reform and opening-up, Chinese people"s income has been increasing rapidly. However, with the adjustment of economic structure, inequality of people"s income is gradually widening, thus bringing about the urban poor. Before 1990, the problem of urban poverty was not attached enough importance to. It was the poverty in the country that government paid much attention to. Since 1990s, due to the adjustment of industrial structure , the problem of laying off and unemployment has been conspicuous, so the government started to face up to the problem of urban poverty. Leading group has been taking the problem of urban poverty so seriously that several special meetings have been held to try to solve the problem. At the recent 16~(th) session of five CCP plenary conferences, building a harmonious society was put forward, which implied the meaning of solving the problem of urban poverty. At the same time, academic circle is starting to do many relative researches in terms of economics and sociology, etc. Making use of sociological researching method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis, theory and practice, the paper emphasizes the reality while paying attention to the integrated and scientific theory.The first chapter of the paper briefly defines the meaning of "poverty"and"urban poverty group"and introduces researching method, including casting samples, which are the basis of the whole research. In chapter two, making use of the statistics collected through survey, the living state of the urban poor is analyzed in terms of such aspects as income, food, clothes, medical treatment, mental life and housing and the root of poverty is discussed using Marxism, The third chapter is the main body, chiefly analyzes the present urban-poverty-rescuing system , including the designation , effects and insufficiency of basic social security system for the laid-off, unemployment insurance system as well as minimum living security system. The last chapter raises some countermeasures and suggestions of perfecting urban-poverty mechanisms, including reform off unemployment insurance system, perfecting minimum living security system and individual income tax imposing system, giving play to community NGOs to help the poor, developing human resources of the urban poor, and micro lending as well.
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