论文标题:社会事件中环境非政府组织的社会资本研究
The Research of the Social Capital of the Environmental NGOs in the Social Event
论文作者 艾洁
论文导师 周孝正,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 中国人民大学,点击次数 180,论文页数 65页File Size621k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2438932/ 社会资本;社会事件;环境 NGO
Scientific spirit ;Humanistic spirit; combination ;Tradition;Actuality
在2003 年下半年,围绕着我国西南流域的怒江掀起了一场关于是否建坝的争论,甚至惊动了政府高层,这就是媒体所说的“怒江保卫战”,在这场没有硝烟的斗争中,绿家园、大众流域等草根性的非政府组织充分动员多方力量,利用媒体和舆论攻势,最终将已经批准的要在怒江修两库十三级水坝的决议搁置暂缓。这对NGO 来说是一次重要的胜利。笔者对绿家园了解已久,而且对一个没有注册、只有三个正式成员的草根性非政府组织却能够动员起全社会范围甚至国际上的力量,并最终影响到政府的决策的行为感到好奇并有了一些感性的思考,在这些思考的基础上对这个组织及其在怒江事件中的行为进行了理论上的诉求和分析。美国犹他大学政治系童燕齐在关于环境保护运动的理论中论述到,“只有在有了适当的组织资源之后才有可能动员和维持社会运动”。笔者在这里主要采用了“社会资本”概念来研究非政府组织的社会资本。根据社会资本的概念,它主要包括两方面,关系网络和信任、互惠等价值观。本文通过个案研究的方法,围绕着绿家园社会资本的两方面展开,在进行理论综述和方法论介绍后首先对绿家园静态的社会资本状况进行了描述。通过对组织规模、网络规模、网络趋同性、信任等变量的测量和研究,文章指出绿家园这个组织成员具有明显的时代特征;由于绿家园只有三个正式成员,却有很多志愿者的参与,组织的网络规模边界很难确定,但是在经常参加他们活动的积极分子中以新闻媒体行业的人居多,这是绿家园一个重要的社会资本。绿家园没有成文的管理制度和约束制度,对志愿者的管理也非常松散,但是组织内部的信任和互惠程度却很高。在描述了组织的社会资本状况后,文章又对影响组织这些社会资本的各因素做了提炼和分析,着重讨论了合法性、领导人特征和组织凝聚力等因素对组织社会资本的影响。通过对合法性的讨论,可以看出绿家园是具有社会学意义上的普遍合法性,即被大众所认可和接受,但是在法律意义上的狭义合法性即注册却一直欠缺。但是这个欠缺并没有影响到组织在社会中对社会资本的积累和运用过程。领导人独特的魅力吸引鼓励并维系着组织成员,这在环境NGO 中表现的非常明显。因此绿家园虽然看起来松散,灵活性和应变力却很强,也非常善于动用社会中的各种资源达到组织行动的目的,以上部分就在文章的第四章进行了详细论述。
In late half year of 2003, there was a controversy in the southwest of China, around whether a dam should be built on the Nujiang River or not. The controversy even drew the attention of the central government and was called “The Nujiang Defending War”by the media. In this nonviolent war, the NGOs, such as China GEV (Green Earth Volunteer Association) and Green Watershed of Yunnan, called on various forces, made good use of the public voice and media, and at last shelved the Nujiang dam building plan, which was a dramatic victory of NGOs. Being interested and knowing GEV well for a long time, a nonprofit organization having not registered in government and having only three formal members, the author was curious about how it successfully called on the support of the public and international organizations to impact and even to change the decision-making of the government. With the curiosity and rational thinking, this paper is trying to make some academic retrieve and analysis to explain the behavior of the GEV in the Nujiang defending war. In the discussion of environmental protecting movement, Tong Yanqi, from politics department of Utah University, mentioned, it is impossible to call on and maintain a social movement without proper organization resource。The author mainly used the conception of “social capital”to do a research on the NGOs. According to this conception, the social capital could be mainly seen as two parts, the social network and the value of trust or reciprocity. This dissertation will analyze these two parts of the environmental NGOs’social capital, based on the review of relative theories and methodology. Via measuring some variables, such as the organization standard, network standard, the formality of the network, and trust degree, the paper pointed that, GEV members had obvious characteristics of the new era, and because of having hundreds of volunteers, the bias of the network of the organization was difficult to measure. The more and more people especially who work in the mass media filed take part in GEV as volunteers and become the major ‘social capital’. Although do not have formal administration and regulation, GEV has a high degree of inner faith and reciprocity. After the description of GEV’s social capital, this dissertation will make a further analysis of the influential factors on the social capital, such as the legitimacy of the organization, the leader character, and the organization cohesion. The analysis on legitimacy suggests that, GEV has a public legitimacy in sociology -being accepted by the commonalty but without legitimacy in law-formal registered in government. However, it does not affect GEV to accumulate and use the social capital. The leader’s distinctive personal character attracts the volunteers, which was an obvious characteristic of a lot environment NGOs. So it seems that GEV was a incompact organization, actually it is flexible and easily to use various resources to achieve the objective. All of above will be discussed in the 4th chapter. The 5th chapter of the dissertation will answer the second question, how GEV used its social capital in the social affairs. The organization’s network and all the affairs happened from July, 2003 to March, 2004 will be analyzed. For instance, in the Nujiang affair, GEV adequately utilized its advantage-familiar with the mass media. In the earlier time, GEV mainly used the mass media to publicize the harm of dam and made the dam plan delayed. And then, it utilized the social celebrity and international power to impel this defending war, finally it successfully influenced the core center government to change the decision. After that, GEV called on their volunteers to publicize again and consolidate their victory with photography exhibition, lecture, and tour to Nujiang to rouse the pubic realize the importance of the environmental protecting of Nujiang. In this defending war, the social network acted an important role. However, as a case study, this dissertation has some limitation as well.So the 6th chapter will discus
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