论文标题:不同苜蓿品种抗逆性研究及评价
Study on the Expression of 3A Gene of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in E.coli
论文作者 李崇巍
论文导师 贾志宽,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 生态学
论文单位 西北农林科技大学,点击次数 115,论文页数 60页File Size2660k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_246372807/ 苜蓿;抗旱性;耐热性;抗寒性;耐盐性
Alfalfa,Drought resistance,Heat tolerance,Cold resistance,Salt tolerance
在我国农业结构调整中，大力发展饲料作物是其方向之一，而发展饲料作物首推苜蓿。苜蓿产业化发展要有适应性好的苜蓿品种作保证，苜蓿抗逆性的研究对苜蓿品种的选择和布局至关重要。本研究结合前人的研究工作，以国内外多个具品质优良代表性的苜蓿品种为材料，对不同苜蓿品种进行了抗旱性、耐热性、抗寒性、耐盐性的研究。 1．不同苜蓿品种抗旱性研究：室内试验为PEG模拟干旱胁迫对21个苜蓿品种质膜透性的测定和24小时苜蓿离体叶片保水力的测定；室外试验为自然干旱下苜蓿叶片气孔扩散阻力和蒸腾强度的测定。对不同苜蓿品种抗旱指标相关分析表明：在本研究中，细胞伤害率、24小时叶片保水力和相对扩散阻力等指标可做为21个苜蓿品种抗旱性鉴定的合理指标。以此对21个苜蓿品种抗旱性进行了聚类分析，并将不同苜蓿品种划分为高、中、低抗三个类型。其中高抗旱苜蓿品种为：爱林+Z、牧歌401+Z、超级阿波罗、美国杂交熊、胜利者、爱菲尼特+Z、巨人201+Z；中抗旱苜蓿品种为：爱维兰+Z、改革者+Z、路宝、全能+Z、牧野、卫士302+Z、新疆大叶、射手；低抗旱苜蓿品种为：爱博、中苜1号、超级13R、保丰苜蓿、德国大叶熊、中兰1号。 2．不同苜蓿品种耐热性研究：本试验首先探讨了不同热处理时间下，不同苜蓿品种叶片的细胞质膜透性及细胞受伤害率。研究表明对不同苜蓿品种耐热性鉴定的胁迫时间50分钟较为适宜；并以此对19个苜蓿品种的耐热性进行了鉴定，结果表明：爱林+Z、超级13R、卫士302+Z、超级阿波罗等品种耐热性强；德国大叶熊、巨人201+Z、爱菲尼特+Z、保丰苜蓿等品种耐热性较弱。 3．不同苜蓿品种抗寒性研究：本研究依据苜蓿子叶节长对不同苜蓿的秋眠指数进行了测定，并首次对国内几个苜蓿品种进行了秋眠性的鉴定；通过对不同苜蓿品种秋眠特性相关分析指出：苜蓿子叶节长为划分苜蓿秋眠指数的合理指标；依据秋眠指数将不同苜蓿品种划分为秋眠品种、半秋眠品种和非秋眠品种；对苜蓿秋眠特性的研究表明：秋眠性苜蓿幼苗期生长慢、来年返青晚、返青生长缓慢，说明其具较强抗寒性。秋眠苜蓿品种的抗寒性高于半秋眠性苜蓿品种，半秋眠性苜蓿品种抗寒性高于非秋眠苜蓿品种。 4．对不同苜蓿品种耐盐性研究：本研究用不同浓度的Nacl溶液，对19个苜蓿品种种子萌发耐盐性进行了研究。结果表明：选择不同的耐盐鉴定指标，对不同的苜淆品种耐盐性鉴定结果并不完全一致：在对多个耐盐鉴定指标分析后，选用了部分指标对19个首稽品种耐盐性进行了聚类分析；综合分析后将不同首淆种子耐盐力强弱划分为：爱林＋Z．射手、牧野、超级13R＞中首1号、爱博、巨人201＋Z＞胜利者、改革者＋Z、爱菲尼特十Z、路宝、超级阿波罗、卫士302＋Z、美国杂交熊＞爱维兰、保丰首蒂、中兰盲淆、全能＋Z、牧歌401＋Z。 5．对不同盲淆品种抗逆性的综合研究：在上述研究的基础上，用模糊聚类法对17个首淆品种抗逆性综合评判表明：爱林十Z、超级阿波罗、牧野、胜利者等首蒂品种为高抗逆品种，保丰首蓉、爱博、全能十Z等首稽品种为低抗逆品种。
In the course of adjusting agricultural structure, alfalfa is considered to be the most important forage because of its versatile functions. The resistance of alfalfa is the crucial factor to select and distribute alfalfa varieties. It is useful for alfalfa industrial development to evaluate drought resistance, heat tolerance, cold resistance and salt tolerance of several representative alfalfa species introduced from homeland and abroad in this paper.1. Study on drought resistance of 21 alfalfa varieties. Cell membrane permeability under simulated drought stress by PEG and 24-hour water holding capability of separated leaves were measured in the chamber . Spread obstruction and transpiration rate of stomata in alfalfa leaves under natural drought were determined .Related analysis on drought resistant indexes of 21 alfalfa varieties showed that the percent of cell injured ,24-hour water holding capability of separated leaves and relative spread obstruction may be selected as reasonable indexes for drought resistant identification of 21 alfalfa varieties .By cluster analysis 21 alfalfa varieties were classified into three types :high drought-resistant varieties , medium drought-resistant varieties and low drought-resistant varieties.2. Study on heat tolerance of 19 alfalfa varieties. This part of paper firstly analyzed cell membrane permeability and the percent of cell injured of different alfalfa leaves under different heat-treated hours. The result showed that 50 minutes was optimum stress time for heat-tolerant identification of different alfalfa varieties. Based on this result , heat-tolerant of 19 varietieswere compared . Strong heat-tolerant varieties were Abilene+Z, ISRsupreme, AmeriGuard302+Z, Apollo Supreme and so on . weak heat-tolerant varieties were Ameristand201+Z,affmity+Zand so on.3. Study on cold resistance of different alfalfa varieties .In this research ,alfalfa fall dormancy index was measured by unifoliate inter-node length (UIL) . Related analysis on fall dormancy traits of different alfalfa varieties indicated that UIL was a reasonable index for alfalfa fall dormancy traits, alfalfa varieties were classified as fall dormancy variety, semi-fall dormancy variety and non-fall dormancy variety. The results on alfalfa fall dormancy showed that fall dormancy alfalfa slow growth in seedling stage, re-growth later and slow re-growth in spring was the coldest resistance variety . Fall dormancy variety was higher cold resistance than semi-fall dormancy variety, also semi-fall-dormancy variety was higher than non-fall dormancy variety. This research also identify fall dormancy of several homeland alfalfa varieties.4. Study on salt tolerance of different alfalfa varieties. This research evaluate salt-tolerant identification results of different alfalfa were not constantly consistent by using different salt-tolerant indexes. By analysis several salt-tolerant indexes, partial indexes were selected .Cluster analysis on them showed that order of salt tolerance degree was : Abilne+Z, Archer, Alfagraze, 13Rsupreme>Arriba,Ameristand201+Z,zhongmu > Agressor , Innovator+Z, Affinity+Z , lobo, Apollo supreme, AmeriGuard302+Z > Avalance+Z ,Total,, AmeriGrazed401+Z , Baofeng.5. Study on comprehensive resistance of different alfalfa varieties . This research based on four parts above analyses comprehensive resistance feature of 17 alfalfa varieties .Fuzzy analysis showed that strong resistance varieties were Abilene+Z, Apollo Supreme , Alfagraze and Agressor . weak resistance varieties were Baofeng ,Total and Arriba.
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