论文标题:射阳县园林绿化树种的应用与规划研究
Application and Programming of Ecological Landscape Greening Trees in Sheyang County
论文作者
论文导师 姜卫兵,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 工程
论文单位 南京农业大学,点击次数 159,论文页数 87页File Size4115K
2006-12-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_24690022/
investigation on trees;; comprehensive evaluation;; trees ;;layout
城市绿地作为城市生态系统的重要生命支持系统，在保护和恢复绿色环境，维持城市生态平衡和改善提高城市生态环境质量方面起着巨大作用。因此提高城市绿地系统的生态功能，建立完善的城市生态园林绿地系统是现代化城市发展的战略方向，也是城市发展达到良性循环的必然趋势。城市园林树种选择和配置，对城市绿地系统的构建起着重要作用，是城市绿地建设的基础性、前瞻性工作。本论文研究的目的就是确立科学的城市树种规划原则，在调查研究的基础上，运用生态城市学、景观生态学、生态园林学、风景美学、城市规划学等学科的理论，通过正确选择生态园林植物种类，反映射阳地方特色，丰富城市景观。从而最大程度的发挥植物的净化调节作用，提高城市绿地的生态效能，保护生物多样性，创造清洁、舒适、优美、文明的社会环境，构建现代化的社会主义和谐社会，使生态效益、社会效益、经济效益同步发展。其次，生产绿地建设健康有序的发展，离不开树种规划的指导，苗圃生产必须以树种规划中的树种为育苗重点，生产品种齐全、规格配套、质量上乘的优质苗木，为打造绿色射阳而不懈努力。 研究方法采用内业和外业相结合，实地调查射阳露地越冬的乔木、灌木、藤本及竹类等，对丹顶鹤自然保护区、森林公园及防护林建设情况作了专题探研。 调查结果：射阳县现有树种331种，其中乔木203种(含竹类13种)，灌木110种(含竹类2种)，攀缘植物18种。常绿植物122种，落叶植物209种。射阳县乡土树种共有123种，乔木94种(含竹类5种)，占全部树种的69％，大部分生长在良以上，其中常绿乔木28种，落叶乔木66种；灌木25种(含竹类1种)，生长状况大多良好，其中常绿灌木7种，落叶灌木18种，攀缘植物4种，护坡禾草6种，乡土树种中常绿树种35种，占乡土树种总数的28％，落叶树种84种，占乡土树种总数的68％。常见园林树种53种，其中乔木25种，灌木28种，攀缘植物2种，常绿树种26种，落叶树种27种。 根据调查结果，综合分析园林植物环境条件，评价植物生长状况、树种总量、各类型树种搭配比例，可以得出： 射阳县现有树种中乔木与灌木种数比为1：0.54，乡土树种中乔木与灌木的种数比为1：0.26，常见树种中乔木、灌木种数比为1：1.1。由此可见，常见树种中乔木较少，致使在常见植物品种的使用上乔木和灌木都显单调，因此，应加大乔木的比例，以此调整乔灌木的树种比例，丰富射阳的植物材料，提高园林绿化水平，丰富城市夏季景观。 射阳现有树种中常绿与落叶种数比为1：1.56，乡土树种中常绿与落叶种数比为1：2.6，常见园林树种常绿与落叶种数比为1：1.03。由此可见，常见园林树种中落叶树种比例较少，应加大落叶树种的比例。从数字分析，射阳的灌木品种、常绿品种比较丰富，乔木树种及落叶树种较差。在园林植物的配置方面，应从乡土树种挖掘潜力，使乡土树种在射阳的大地上焕发青春，为射阳的生态园林绿化事业再立新功。 针对上述情况评价分析，依据有关理论和射阳现状，确定射阳园林树种规划的主要比例关系：常绿树种与落叶树种的比例为1：2，乔木树种与灌木树种的比例为2：1。木本植物与草本植物的比例为1：1，速生：中生：慢生树种为2：2：1。 园林树种的选择为： 基调树种：黑松、广玉兰、棕榈、柏、女贞、大叶黄杨、海桐、蜀桧、栾树、柳树、银杏、刚竹、乌桕、水杉。 骨干树种：银杏、水杉、池杉、栾树、合欢、国槐、悬铃木、枫杨、榉树、白蜡、榆树、垂柳、重阳木、无患子、香樟、鹅掌楸。 一般树种可从常见乡土树种和性状优良的引进树种中选取。 根据射阳县园林树种调查和评价及城市发展规划，确定城市园林树种发展方向为： (1)大力发展乡土树种，体现地方特色 (2)发展竹类资源，促进生态旅游发展 (3)合理利用彩叶树种和木兰科植物，完善城市景观 (4)推广混交林，增加异质性，减少病虫害 (5)加强防护林建设，促进和谐社会健康发展 (6)强化生产绿地建设，注重引进树种的驯化、推广，促进种质资源的筛选和保护
As an important life support system for urban ecological system, green land find its enormous role in green space protection and reappearance, urban ecological balance maintenance and urban ecological environment improvement. It is therefore a strategic direction for a modernizing city and a necessary tendency for a beneficially cycle city to enhance ecological function of urban green land and to establish an integrated urban green land of ecological landscape. Selection and arrangement of landscape trees is fundamental for the establishment of urban green land system. The aim of the research is to select the right trees to enrich urban landscape with local characteristics and to preserve biodiversity according to scientific principle of landscape trees layout based on investigation by taking advantage of theories of urban ecology, landscape ecology, ecological landscape, landscape aesthetics and city planning, and ultimately, to create a clean, comfortable, beautiful and civilized social surroundings and to lead to a balanced development of ecological benefit, social one and economic one. A sound and orderly development of green land cannot be guaranteed without the guidance of trees variety planning. Nursery production should focus on intended tress in blueprint so as to supplying complete, well-arranged and quality seedlings for a green Sheyang. We investigated overwinter arbor, frutex, liane and bamboo in the county and especially in the red-crowned crane conserving zone, forest park and shelter belt. The result is as follows: There are 331 kinds of trees, including 203 arbor(13 bamboo included), 110 frutex(2 bamboo included), 18 liane. The trees can be sorted into 122 evergreen ones and 209 hardwood. 123 local trees was found, accounting for 69% of all trees, including 94 arbor(28 evergreen and 66 hardwood, 5 bamboo included), 25 frutex(7 evergreen and 18 hardwood, 1 bamboo included) , 4 liane and 6 endogen grass. Most arbor and frutex enjoy a vigorous growth. Local trees can be sorted into 35 evergreen ones(28%) and 84 hardwood(68%). Of all landscape trees, 53 trees were familiar to us, including 25 arbor, 28 frutex and 2 liane, in another classification, 26 evergreen ones and 27 hardwood. Based on investigation, we analyzed environmental conditions for landscape plants and evaluated plant growth, trees aggregate and layout proportion of various trees.a Arbor: frutex ratio in Sheyang was 1:0.54, and the ratio in local trees was 1:0.26, and 1:1.1 in familiar trees. Arbor was shown fewer in familiar trees, thus selection was narrow in arbor application. More arbor was called for to adjust the ratio and to enrich plant in Sheyang, consequently, to improve landscape green land and make urban sight more colorful. The proportion of evergreen to hardwood was 1:1.56, and the proportion was 1:2.6 in local trees, and 1:1.03 was found in familiar trees. Frutex and evergreen were relatively abundant compared with arbor and hardwood. More attention should be paid to local trees in plant arrangement. The following principle ratios were established on the basis of above analysis and current situations in Sheyang with the help of corresponding theories: evergreen: hardwood=l:2, arbor: frutex=2:l, woody plants: herbage plants=l:l, fast-growing: medium-growing: slow-growing=2:2:l. The following landscape trees were recommended: In general, trees should be selected from local ones and those imported with outstanding performance. The development orientation for landscape tress was concluded as follows from the investigation and urban development blueprint: 1. Great efforts should be made to develop local trees so that local characteristics be demonstrated. 2. Bamboo should be paid more attention to in order to promote ecological sightseeing. 3. Colored-leaf trees and Magoliaceae Species were demanded properly to perfect urban landscape. 4. Mixed forest need spreading to increase heterogeneity and minimize damage by diseases and pests. 5. Strengthening shelter belt undertaking to promote a sound development for a harmonized society. 6. Green space should be constantly expanded, more efforts were required to the job of domestication and spread of trees and to the job of selection and conservation of genetic resources.
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