论文标题:中国环境法伦理价值追求探究
The Study of Ethical Value of Environmental Law in China
论文作者
论文导师 管恒禄；盛邦跃,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 科学技术哲学
论文单位 南京农业大学,点击次数 156,论文页数 61页File Size4067K
2007-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_26658927/
Sustainable Development;; environmental law;; anthropocentrism;; non-anthropocentrism;; The Ethics and the Value;; humanism solicitude
漫长的人类历史长河中，我们的祖先在改造自然中，通过采集食物、狩猎、繁荣城市以及实现工业和信息技术的革命来改变自己的生存环境，生产力的空前发展使人类获得了巨大的好处。但是，人类利用科学技术对自然环境的改造，又以前所未有的规模和速度干扰和破坏了地球生物圈的动态平衡，造成愈来愈严重的全球性生态危机，导致传统的法律框架和法学理论难以应对这种变化了的社会现实。为了解决环境问题，各国纷纷颁布环境保护的基本法律，使环境法从传统法律体系中分离出来，逐渐成为一个独立的法律门类。 中国环境立法真正开始于80年代，几乎与世界发达国家同步，经过多年的发展，已经形成了体系和规模，但是，中国环境问题依然在加剧，而且从区域性的转变为全球性的。中国现行的法律对于遏制生态危机，保障人类社会的持续生存和发展，显得力不从心，无可奈何，暴露出许多问题和缺陷。从更深层次看，中国环境法治的困境在于缺乏环境伦理的内部价值认同。在人类长期与自然环境的冲突、对立和斗争中发展起来的价值观念是以人类利益为中心的价值观念，将人作为万物的尺度，并将人类和自然环境截然分开，从而陷入人类是自然界的统治者和主宰者的误区，这种人类利益中心主义的思想也深深地植入了法学的基本理论之中。环境法虽然是伴随着现代市场经济的发展而产生的一个新兴法律部门，仍然是在原有的法制传统的基础上孕育和发展的，强调的也是人类利益至上，也受文艺复兴以来“人是地球的主宰”这一思想观念的影响。随着生态学以及环境伦理学的发展，人类伦理观相应地发生了重大改变，从人类中心主义伦理观到非人类中心主义伦理观，进而到可持续发展的演变，直接从思想观念和价值取向上影响了现代的环境立法。 在可持续发展伦理观提出以前，各种环境伦理观对中国环境法治产生了积极影响，环境法研究中的“人类中心主义”与“非人类中心主义”争论一直存在并且异常激烈。固守传统的“人类中心主义”，运用法律手段解决环境问题的环境法目标无法实现，完全接受“生态中心主义”，又不可避免地会遭遇自然主体化制度设计的尴尬。正是在这样的情况下，可持续发展的确立，为全面审视中国已有的环境法理论与实践，创设新的环境法理论奠定了认识论基础。可持续发展伦理观，既是人类在寻求解决环境问题的道路上形成的新思维，又是人们实施环境法所要追求的理想目标。可持续发展战略在全球的实施，对环境法提出了新的更高要求，它要求改变只重视经济利益而忽视生态利益的传统利益观和仅以人的利益和需要为判断标准的传统正义观及价值观；使当代环境法立足于更广的领域和更客观的角度，坚持以“生态和人类共同利益”为中心，追求人与自然的和谐共生，实现人类社会的持续发展。 理论和实践证明，中国的环境法需要一场全面的变革，变革的目标是建立可持续发展的环境法治。一方面，要在可持续发展的基础上，体现人文关怀的价值取向，建立新的环境法律体系；另一方面，要使可持续发展伦理观所蕴含的人文关怀思想为公众所广泛认同，内化为人们的内心信念，养成自觉遵守环境法律的习惯，从而使可持续发展观真正成为中国环境法的基础，实现可持续发展的中国环境法治，实现和谐社会的理想。
In the long human history, our ancestor change our survival surroundings by gathering food, hunting for animal, flourishing city and accomplish revolution of industry, information and technology .The human get huge benefits from the great development of productivity. But the change of natural environment destroys the homeostasis of earth biosphere extremely, get the global crisis of ecosystem more serious, make the traditional law structure and law theory face the reality of changing society more difficultly in order to cope with this problem ,many countries issue the basic law to protect environment in succession, make the environmental law separate from the traditional law system and become a independent law category gradually. Chinese environmental legislation begins almost at the same time with the developed country in the 1980s.it forms system and scope by many years development. But, Chinese environmental problem become increasingly serious, furthermore from territory to globality in china, the current law have no way to hold back the crisis of ecosystem and to ensure the sustaining living and development, moreover emerge many problem. From the deeper layer, the hardship of Chinese environmental law lies in lacking the inner value identity of the environmental ethic. Value notion that was developed by fighting of human and natural environment is human benefits .The human is guide line everything on earth, that detaches human and nature .The idea which is central for human benefits is setted up basic theory of law. Although environmental law accompanied by the modern market economy developed as a new law department, it still birth and grow on the base of former law convention, emphasize the uppermost benefits of human, affected by the idea of "the man is the dominator on the earth" since the Renaissant. As the bionomics and environmental ethic developed, the human conception of ethic changed Vastly from anthropocentrism to non-anthropocentrism and to the conception of Sustainable Development, it directly affect modern environmental legislation from ideas and values. Before citing the conception of Sustainable Development, many conceptions of the Environmental ethics affect the Chinese legal system actively. in the study of environmental law, anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism are still arguing fiercely. one the one hand, Holding the conventional anthropocentrism and using legal way to solve environmental problem are of no avail, on the other hand, accepting anthropocentrism entirely will face inevitably the embarrass of the design of the naturalism. Just under such a circumstance, the establishment of the Sustainable Development theory is the base to understand Chinese existing theory and practice of the environmental law and to establish new theory of the environmental law. The conception of the Sustainable Development is not only the new thought formed in the course of looking for method to solve environmental problem, but also the perfect goal of environmental law. The global performing of the Sustainable Development stratagem advance a new upper request which need the conventional benefit concept that only emphasize on the economic benefits other than ecosystem and the conventional justice concept, value conception that just regard the human benefits and needs to change it. Also give contemporary environmental law a broader domain and a more objective aspect which hold the center of the ecosystem and the human common benefits, pursue the human and nature to exist harmoniously, accomplish the Sustainable Development of the human community. According to theory and practice, Chinese environmental law need a all-around revolution, which of aim establish environmental legal system of Sustainable Development. One the one hand, to be based on ethical concept of Sustainable Development establish new environmental legal system, on the other hand, ethical concept of Sustainable Development must become public heart faith, foster to abide by custom of environmental law. Finally, The concept of Sustainable Development becomes base of Chinese environmental law, realizes ideal of harmonious society.
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