论文标题:有+C及相关句式研究
Study on the Structure of "You(有)+C" and the Sentence Which includes the Structure of "You(有)+C
论文作者 高再兰
论文导师 周国光,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 汉语言文字学
论文单位 安徽师范大学,点击次数 108,论文页数 47页File Size1843k
2002-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_271312902/ 句式语义;句法限制;形式化
Semantic of a sentence;syntactic constraints;formalize
本文把“有”带宾语的结构记作“有+C”，并把由这个动宾结构所组成的句式分作相互联系的三类，即静态式：[NP_1]+有+C；动态式：[NP_1]+有+C+了；扩展式：NP_1+有C_1有C_2。 文章对这三类格式进行了较为全面的考察。在考察中，首先对每一类格式进行句法分解，如静态式可分解为以下三个次格式：A式：[NP1]+有+NP2；B式：NP1+有+NP2+VP；C式：NP1+有+[PP]+[AD]+VP，对每一类次格式，我们首先概括其句式语义及动词“有”的语义，然后分析不同的意义类型时的句法特征，重点对宾语“C”的语义特点进行描写与分类。 文章在考察中发现，大量的谓词也能作“有”的宾语，如“增加、减少、纠缠、交往、不同”等，而并不是所有的体词都能作“有”的宾语，有的名词不能作“有”的宾语，如“长相、观念、态度、饮食”等，大部分体词能作“有”的宾语，但有句法限制，以“书”为例，我们可以说“我有书”，“我有一本书”，“我有一本很厚的书”，却不能说“我有很厚的书”。因而文章分析了作“有”的宾语的体词的两个语义特征，即体词宾语的“量性”及“有界性”。另外，文章在考察中进一步发现，动词“有”从带体词宾语到带谓词宾语的过程中，本身的语义也发生了重大的变化，带体词宾语时，“有”具有明显的实义动词的特征，表示“领有、存在、达到”等义，而带谓词宾语时，“有”的实义动词特征消失，仅相当于一个形式动词，表示“已然”意义。
In these paper, we note the structure of " You( W)+ object" as"You(有)+c" ,And divides the type of sentence which includes the structure of"You(有)+c" into three related patterns: the static pattern: [NP1]+"You(有)"+C: the active pattern: [NP,]+ "You(有)"+C+ "Le" (T); theexpanding pattern: NP,+ "You(有)"C, "You(有)"C2.We comprehensively explore these three patterns of sentences above. Each pattern is firstly divided into sub-pattern according to its syntactic feature. For example ,the static pattern can be divided into three sub-types, namely: pattern A: [NP,]+You(有)+NP2; pattern B: [NP,]+You(有)+NP2+VP; pattern C: NP,+[PP]+[AD]+You(有)+VP. The syntactic feature of each sub-pattern is analysed after the semantic of each and of "You"(有) in each is summarized. At the same time, we describe the semantic feature of "C" and classify it into several groups.As the study goes on, we find that lots of verb-phrases can be the objects of "You"(有), such as "Zengjia Jianshao Jiuchan Jiaowang Butong"etc. and not all the noun-phrases can be the objects of "You(有)", such as "Zhangxiang,Guannian Taidu, Ymshi". Great majority of nouns can be used as the object of "You(有)" while they are confined in syntax, i.e. Only which have the feature of quantity and boundary can be the object of "You(有)". In addition, we find that the semantic of "You(有)" changes when its object alters. In another words, "You(有)" is a notional word which expresses "Lingyou Cunzai Dadao" etc before NP and a function word which expresses "Yiran" before VP.
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