论文标题:耐寒、耐旱桑树新品种—向海桑1号的选择及其生物学特性研究
Studies on Selection of the Mulberry Variety with High Cold and Drought Tolerance-Xianghai No.1 and Its Biological Characteristics
论文作者
论文导师 高荣孚,论文学位 博士,论文专业 植物学
论文单位 北京林业大学,点击次数 99,论文页数 104页File Size22699K
2006-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_278938382/
Mulberry; Selection of variety; biological characters;genetic background
我国东北西部开展桑蚕开发的关键是桑树资源的培育,而培育桑树资源的主要限制因素是具有较强的耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄桑树品种的选育。由于东北西部干旱、寒冷的气候条件,严重制约了现有桑树品种的正常生长,因此,如何选育适于本地区栽培的桑树主栽品种也成为长期以来迫切需要解决的重大技术问题。东北西部地区自然分布有较大面积的野生桑树种群,这些桑树种群不仅具有很强的适应性,而且具有较大的杂合性和变异性。通过对该地区野生桑树的调查和选择,有可能选育出具有叶片大、产叶量高、叶片质量好的优良类型,进而从根本上解决西部地区桑树主栽品种问题。此外,通过对这些优良类型的选择,还可为今后进一步的良种选育提供优良育种材料。因此,该研究不仅在桑树野生资源利用等方面具有重要的理论意义,而且对于目前正在东北西部实施的“瀚海桑田”工程具有重大的实践意义。 本文以大叶、生长状况良好等性状为主要选择目标,对西部野生桑树资源进行了规模化普查,建立了国内首个收集类型最多,面积最大的蒙桑基因库。同时,在优树群体中选择出了一个大叶优良类型-向海桑1号。通过对向海桑1号的生长量、产叶量、物候期等生长情况,耐寒性、抗病虫害性等抗逆性状,叶片的粗脂肪、粗蛋白、干物质、灰分以及18种氨基酸含量等叶片质量性状以及养蚕成绩等利用途径方面的系统研究。确定向海桑1号具有较强抗寒、抗旱特性和优良的叶片质量。在此基础上,应用ISSR、AFLP等先进的分子标记技术对向海桑1号的遗传背景进行了分析;应用光合和荧光测定手段对向海桑1号的光合生理特性进行了研究;应用阻抗谱技术和光合、荧光测定技术,对向海桑1号相抗寒、抗旱指标进行了初步研究。研究结果如下: 1、向海桑1号与北方地区其它桑树栽培品种的对比试验结果表明:从向海地区野生桑树群体中选择出的向海桑1号与东北地区蚕用桑对照品种秋雨桑以及其它一些栽培桑品种相比,在生长量、产叶量等方面具有较好的表现。其单株产叶量3年生时达到633.3 g,超过了目前东北东部地区推广的龙桑1号(599.9g)、秋雨(308.6g),与河北引进的桑树品种桲椤桑相近(639.9g)。表现了较好的速生性。 2、向海桑1号具有较强的耐寒性、耐旱性和抗病虫害特性。在干旱、寒冷的气候条件下,表现了较好的越冬性状,是所有参试的7个品种中唯一可以自然封顶的品种,为目前东北地区最抗寒的桑树品种。此外,向海桑1号开具有较强的抗病虫害特性,尤其是对桑赤锈病(Aecidium mori (Barclay))、桑蓟马(Pseudcden drothrips mori
The key factor of silkworm development in the West of the Chinese Northeast Area is cultivation of mulberry. Moreover, the key factor of the cultivation of mulberry is the selection of the new mulberry varieties with high cold and drought tolerance. It has been restricted for mulberry trees growing well by cold and drying conditions in the area. So, It has become more important technical problem that how to choose the mulberry varieties with high cold and drought tolerance. Fortunately, there are many wild mulberry trees distributing in the West Area of Jilin Province, and exists a plenty of genotypes in the groups. So, it is possible to select some mulberry varieties with bigger leaves, high leaf-yields and advanced leaf quality from these wild mulberry groups in order to solve the problem of mulberry varieties in the West Area. Apart from that, these varieties also can be breeding materials in the future. So, it has not only the important theoretical meanings for the utilization of wild mulberry germ plasm, but also the practical significance for the project of“Million Mu mulberry plantation in Baicheng”carrying out successfully. Based on long term surveying on the local mulberry resources, it has been done that the construction of gene pool of Morus mongolica and the research of advanced mulberry variety selection-XianghaiNo.1. etc. Furthermore, the growth, leaf-yield, phenological phase, cold tolerance, the pest tolerance, and the leaf quality parameters, for example: content of rough fat, content of rough protein, content of drought materials, content of ash, content of 18 amino acids, unhardened rate of leaf and sericiculture result of XianghaiNo.1 were studied in the field and in the laboratory. The genetic background of XianghaiNo.1 compared with wild mulberry species and cultivated varieties also were analyzed by ISSR and AFLP. Besides that, the photosynthetic characters were studied by photosynthetic and fluorescence techniques. At the same time, the techniques of impedance and fluorescence have been applied to take methods for measuring cold and drought tolerance of mulberry trees. The study results will be showed as follows: 1. According to the results of comparative trials, the new mulberry variety-Xianghai
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