论文标题:城市贫困家庭的增权研究
A Study of the Empowerment of the Urban Poor Family
论文作者
论文导师 张友琴,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 厦门大学,点击次数 17,论文页数 182页File Size1355K
2006-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_279675537/
poor family; empowerment ; antipoverty policy
本文以厦门市SM区有健康劳动力的贫困家庭为研究对象,通过对贫困家庭的家庭类型分析和增权状况的研究来考察当前反贫困政策的得失。研究以有劳动能力的贫困家庭的主体性为出发点,以家庭生命周期为纬度,以增权状况为经度来剖析贫困家庭。横向上,探求贫困家庭在家庭生命周期不同阶段的主要任务和主要困难。纵向上,从增权理论的三个层面展开,探求贫困家庭在个人层面、人际关系层面和环境层面上的增权状况。在此基础上,探讨反贫困政策怎样才能引导贫困家庭实现增权,走入良性循环。 在研究中,笔者采用问卷调查和个案访谈相结合的方法收集材料,从厦门市SM区97个社区中抽取三个社区作为调查点,共完成了对有劳动能力的贫困家庭的问卷调查246份,贫困家庭个案访谈39个,相关社区干部、政府官员的访谈及会议记录13个。 通过实证研究,笔者认为目前厦门市反贫困政策的不足主要在于:第一,政策的激励作用未能显现,使得最低生活保障制度的政策效用降低;第二,配套政策缺乏有效性,如:就业培训制度还不完善、小额贷款的门槛过高、社区就业服务的定位不够准确以及缺乏专业指导机构。针对这些不足,笔者认为要通过政策三个层面的调整和完善,才能构造一个积极、合意的政策支撑环境:既能根据不同家庭的不同需求予以帮助,又能促进贫困家庭的增权。在宏观层面上,导入资产社会政策的设计理念,将其做为最低生活保障制度的一个重要补充;根据目前中国的实际,资产建设的方式可以多样化。在中观层面上,建立完善的支撑政策:如针对家庭生命周期不同阶段给予扶助、构建有成效的培训和就业指导体系、鼓励社区促进贫困家庭集体增权、降低自主创业的门槛等。在微观层面上,则通过提升贫困家庭健康劳动力的“软技能”以及配备专业的社会工作人员,促进贫困家庭实现精神脱贫。 本研究的特点在于:1、对贫困家庭进行结构性分析,并予以类型化。以家庭生命周期理论对贫困家庭进行分类,探讨贫困家庭在不同阶段的主要任务和主要困难。2、从贫困家庭的主体性出发进行研究。研究探讨了贫困者在增权三个层面上对实际资源的控制和对思想的控制以及他们改变自身处境的意识和行动。3、动态地考察贫困家庭的状况。通过访谈探讨贫困家庭自身努力的过程。
The study object of this paper is the poor family with healthy labour force in SM District of Xiamen. Through the analyse of the family type and the empirical research of the empowerment of the poor family, this paper intends to research the shortage of the antipoverty policy. The study starts with the subjectivity of the poor family with healthy labour force, uses the Family Cycle Theory and the Empowerment Theory to anatomy the poor family. On one hand, it studies the main task and the main difficulty of the poor family in different phases of famiy cycles. On the other hand, it studies the empowerment situation of the poor family at the individual level, the level of interactions and the environmental level. Based on above, this paper discusses how the antipoverty policy can lead the poor family to achieve empowerment and go into the positive cycle. The data in the paper come from questionnaire investigations and interviews. The author chose three communities from the 97 communities of SM District as the survey subjects, and finally completed 246 available questionnaires and 39 case interviews of poor family, 13 case interviews or meeting records of the correlative community clerks and government officers. Through the empirical research, the author holds that the main shortage of the antipoverty policy in Xiamen lies in: Firstly, the policy cann’t play the inspiriting role well, which weaken the effectiveness of the Minimum Living Standard System. Secondly, the supporting policies are lack of validity. For examples, the faultiness of the employment training system and difficulty access of small loan, the incorrect orientation of community employment service and the lack of the professional institution. So the policy should be adjusted and perfected at three levels, in order to contribute an active and reasonable policy supporting environment, which can not only help the poor family with different needs, but also promote the empowerment of the poor family. From the macroscopical perspective, we can introduce the idea of the Asset Building as an important supplement of the Minimum Living Standard System.According to the status quo of China, the form of the Asset Building should be diversified.From the intermediate perspective, we can establish prefect supporting policies. For examples, the policy aiming at the family in different phase of family cycle ,the effective employment training system, and the collectivity empowermentpromoted by the community and the policy support carried out to facilitate self-established business.From the microcosmic perspective, we can improve the‘soft skills’of the poor and arrange social workers to mentally lift them out of poverty. The paper has the following characteristics: First, this paper sorts the poor family into different types according to the Famiy Cycle Theory, studies the main task and difficulty of poor family in different phase. Second, it starts with the subjectivity of the poor family. It Explores on their control over resources and ideology in empowerment , and their consciousness and action of changing the predicament of poor family. At last, this paper researches the poor family in a view of development. It studies the process of the effort made by the poor family to get rid of poverty.
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