论文标题:政府反贫困战略与中国农村贫困问题研究
On Poverty Elimination Strategy of Chinese Government and Rural China Poverty Problems
论文作者
论文导师 甘峰,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 行政管理
论文单位 上海师范大学,点击次数 33,论文页数 56页File Size960K
2007-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_286512697/
Transitional Period;; Poverty Elimination;; Poverty Elimination Strategy;; Land System
中国是过去20年中世界增长最快的经济体,到2005年财富增长已经上升了32位。然而,2004世界银行的报告和联合国《2005年人类发展报告》共同指出了中国减贫速度的问题。报告指出,在1990至2001年期间,超过90%的减贫任务都是在1996年以前完成的,1996年以后,贫困消除速度减缓,甚至出现了“减贫停止”和“返贫”现象。 一个严峻的问题是:20世纪90年代后期反贫困贫步伐减缓时期,恰恰是中国工业化突飞猛进的时期。为什么农村资源可以源源不断地输入城市和工业部门?为什么一种毫无反馈的单向资源流动可以长期持续?本文选题正是基于这一背景。 文章以中国政府反贫困战略的偏移为切入点,通过与发达国家土地制度的比较,探索中国农民“脱贫”——“返贫”的制度原因。 本文认为,家庭联产承包责任制是建国以来中国政府反贫困战略的里程碑,因为它解决了农民的土地权利问题。然而,从20世纪90年代开始,政府的“反贫困”战略向以经济投入为主的开发式扶贫偏移,它体现在1982年以来中央关于农民问题的9个“一号文件”和中国政府扶贫计划中。与此同时,在工业化、城市化的进程中,征地制度向牺牲农民利益偏移,大规模的“圈地”致使农村资源源源不断地流入城市,农民却不能分享工业化的成果,这就是转型期我国反贫困速度减缓和“返贫”的重要原因之一。 文章在探究中国农村“返贫”原因的基础上,结合国际社会的“反贫困”战略转型以及发达国家的土地制度经验,提出政府的反贫困战略应该重回土地制度改革。在农村集体所有制的土地制度结构下,拓宽土地使用权的空间:首先,把农民的土地使用权上升到物权地位,使它具有一种特殊的土地占有功能;其次,把农民的土地收益权上升为具有社会保障功能的地位,使它成为农民生老病死的依靠;第三,让农民享有完整的土地处置权,使土地功能上升为资本功能。 本文研究以西方产权理论为分析工具,综合运用了文献分析法、历史归纳法、案例分析法和比较分析法等研究方法,致使文章的视角颇有新意,论述也更具有说服力。
In the past 20 years, China has been among the units that achieved most rapid economic growth. By 2005, its GDP has up ranked by 32. While, one of the reports by World Bank in 2004 and the Human Development Report 2005 published by United Nations, both pointed the issue on poverty elimination speed in China. They mentioned that, during 1990 to 2001, over 90% of the poverty reduction was achieved before the year 1996, after which poverty reduction became slower and slower. There even existed“Elimination Paused”and“Back to Poverty”. The rigorous problem is: the period emerging slow poverty reduction in 1990s, is the duration in China that the industrialization made great achievements. So, why does it occur that the rural resource can constantly flow into cities and industry sectors and that the“single flow”can last such a long time? This paper starts on this base. This paper focuses on the institution excursion of Chinese government poverty reduction strategy. Compared with the practice in developed countries, this paper studies the institutional root of rural“escape-back poverty”phenomenon. This paper holds that the implement of Family-based Contracted Responsibility System was a great landmark in poverty reduction strategy, for it aimed at resoling the land rights. But, from 1980s, the strategy transferred to the Development—Oriented Anti-poverty, which greatly lied on financial input. The 9 No. 1 CPC Documents on rural issues and the governmental poverty reduction plans made clear explanations. Meanwhile, the institution of Land Acquisition greatly exploited the peasant land rights, which made the rural resource flow to cities and the peasant can not share the benefit of industrialization. This is why poverty elimination achieved lower performance and the emergency of“Back to Poverty”phenomenon. Based on the study of rural poverty root, with the transformation of international poverty reduction strategy and the practice in developed countries, this paper points that the government should again take the land system reform as the main poverty elimination strategy. Within the present land system structure, the land use rights should be widened: (1) Ensure the use right as property right with the function of land occupation. (2) Ensure the right to benefits as function of social security, land being the dependence for peasant. (3) Ensure complete rights of disposition, land being peasant’s own capital. This paper takes the western Property Theory as main method, synthetically adopts research methods of literature analysis, historical induction, case study and comparative analysis. Integrating all the materials from a rather new perspective, this paper gives strong persuasion.
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