论文标题:彰武松主要特性及起源的研究
Study on Major Characters and the Origin of Pinus Densiflora Var. Zhangwuensis
论文作者 雷泽勇
论文导师 刘明国；邢兆凯,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 森林培育学
论文单位 沈阳农业大学,点击次数 268,论文页数 59页File Size3161k
2002-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_2963847/ 彰武松;生理特性;亲本;起源;RAPD;SSR
Pinus. densiflora Var. zhangwuensis,physiological characters,parents,origin,PAPD,SSR
采用常规遗传育种方法和分子标记技术(RAPD和SSR)，对彰武松的形态特性、生物学特性、生理特性和起源关系进行了系统研究。彰武松(Pinus.densifiora Var.zhanguensis)为高大常绿乔木，树皮呈灰黑色，鲮片状开裂，针叶长7～15cm，针叶长短隔年交替，针叶直或稍扭曲，扭曲时和油松极为相似，两针一束，也有三针一束的，颜色和油松相似；树脂道边生，3～9个，球果幼时下垂，种子千粒重21.4克，种子为黑色；种子长5～7mm，连翅长2.0～2.2cm；雌雄同株，花单性，5月下旬开花，雄孢子叶球初期颜色为绿色，后逐渐变红，种子为黑色；球果翌年9月成热。彰武松主要的生物学特性是，彰武松是属于春季生长类型的树种，其苗高的生长呈S型曲线，全年最大生长量出现在5月上中旬；地径开始生长比高生长晚10天左右，全年出现两次生长，其中以春季生长为主；主根的生长和地径的生长交错进行，和苗高生长基本同步。10年生以上的树木当年生枝条5月中下旬开始半木质化，6月下旬完全木质化。彰武松主要的生理特性是，彰武松的嫩叶组织含水量介于53.3％～73.3％之间，自由水在37.5％～67.7％，束缚水在5.6％～15.8％之间，其自由水／束缚水为：12.09～2.37；彰武松每个季节的蒸腾速率日变化明显地不同，6月份呈现双峰型，8月份的蒸腾速率呈现双峰型，10月份呈现单峰型；彰武松的年蒸腾速率的走势呈现单峰型，全年蒸腾速率的最高值出现在7月份。和樟子松进行比较研究发现，在同样的生态条件下，平均每克彰武松的叶绿素含量是樟子松的1.53倍，同时，彰武松比樟子松有较小的蒸腾强度、较低的失水速度、高的水分含量以及更多的干物质储备。利用随机扩增DNA多态性RAPD分子标记方法和微卫星SSR分子标记方法，分析了彰武松可能起源，在DNA指纹图谱中，彰武松呈现自己特征性标记，RAPD聚类树状图中，彰武松与赤松的关系最近，其次为油松，而和樟于松的关系较远，因此，认为彰武松可能是赤松的变异类型；或者是赤松和油松的杂交种，根据彰武松和赤松以及彰武松和油松遗传距离的大小，可判断在杂交种中，赤松贡献率较大。而SSR标记和 FI代分离情况说明，彰武松可能就是赤松和油松的杂交种。本丈还对彰武松 FI代主要的遗传性状表现进行了研究：FI代在生长势、针叶 K短、颜色卜均有分离，但多数表现为中间型。针叶长短、苗木高度、地径表现型分离均呈正态分布，表明它们均由微效多基因控制。彰武松4个数量性状分化很大，针叶长度极大值为65nun，极小值为15mm，；苗高极大值为l（）orfirn，极小值为32mm，；地径极大值为3．7mm，极小值为Imm。彰武松FI代颜色分离为4种类型，即紫色、绿色、紫色偏绿、绿色偏紫。彰武松FI代的这些特点，为彰武松的起源提供了重要的参考。针对卜述研究，初步认人赤松和油松的大然杂交是彰武松形成的主要机制。
This paper focuses on physiological characters and origin of Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis using traditional genetic breeding techniques and molecular marker methods (RAPD and SSR). Determination of physiological indices shows that water contents in tender leaves of the tree is range from 53.3% to 73.3%, in which free water is 37.5% to 67.7% and bound water is 5.6% to 15.8%, and the ratio of both is 12.09 to 2.37. The daily evaporation rate of the plant changed remarkable in each season, in June and Aug., it is doublet while in Oct. it is singlet, the maximum value of evaporation rate appears in July and its tendency in the whole year is singlet. Comparing to f"imis sylvestris var. mongolica in similar environment, trees of Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis own 1.53 times of chlorophyll than that in f"imis sylvestris var. mongolica, meanwhile, they have not only lower evaporation intensity and rate of water loss, but also higher water and organic materials storage. Using random-amplified poly-morphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite DNA (SSR) methods, possible origin of Pinus densiflora Var. zhang\vuensis was analyzed. Fingerprint of Pinus densiflora Var. zhangw"iiensis shows specific features varying with other species such as f"inns densiflora, Pinus tahiilaeformis and Pinus. sylvestris var. mongolica. In clustering map of RAPD, distance from Pinus densiflora Var. zhang\viiensis and Pinus densiflom is nearer than Pinus labiilaeformis and Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. This leads to speculation that Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis is probably the variant of Pinus densiflora or hybrid of Pinus densiflora and Pinus tabulaeformis. The genetic distance among three species implies that Pinus densiflora makes higher contribution to the hybrid. SSR analysis shows that Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis maybe is the hybrid of Pinus tabulaeformis . The paper also studies the major hereditary character of Fl generation of Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis. Segregation characters such as growth potential, needle length and color, appears in Fl, but most plants of Fl was in middle type Phenotypes of segregation characters, such as needle length, plant height, basal diameter, are in normal distribution, which indicates that they are controlled polygenetic. These four quantity characters varies greatly, the needle length ranges from 65 mm to 15mm, the plant height is from 100mm to 32mm and extremum of basal diameter is from 3.7mm to 1.0mm. Color of Fl plants segregates into four types, including violet, green, violet with green andgreen with violet. According to characters of Fl plants, origin of Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis can be referred to. Based on this study, temporary conclusion is drawn that Pinus densiflora Var. zhangwuensis is originates from natural hybridization of Pinus densiflora and Pinus tabulateformis.
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