论文标题:有氧运动对心血管自主神经平衡状态的影响
The Effect of Aerobic Exercise on the Balance of Cardiovascular Autonomic Nerve System
论文作者
论文导师 王安利,论文学位 博士,论文专业 运动人体科学
论文单位 北京体育大学,点击次数 326,论文页数 123页File Size2360K
2006-05-21论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_3069967/
Aerobic exercise;; Cardiovascular;; Autonomic nerve;; HRV;; Baroreflex sensitivity;; Glutamate;; GABA
研究目的: 研究心血管自主神经的意义不仅仅在于能发现心血管系统结构和功能上的改变,更重要的是,通过“心血管自主神经调节功能”这个相对易于测量的外在表现,去洞察心血管系统之外的器官或组织,甚至于整个机体的健康状况和功能水平。即,运用“心血管自主神经调节功能”这个工具进行普通人或运动人群的健康评价和机能诊断,这在临床医学和体育科学实践中都具有深远的意义。 本研究首先以大鼠为实验对象,研究了长期中等强度运动导致心血管自主神经调节功能增强的外在表现及其中枢机制。然后,以中老年人为研究对象,探讨了以心率变异性(HRV)为手段的心血管自主神经检测方案在判别“体质总体状况”中的应用,从而为促进“心血管自主神经功能评价”在体育实践中的应用奠定初步的基础。 研究方法: 以雄性SD大鼠为实验对象,随机分为游泳运动组(简称运动组)和安静对照组(简称对照组),运动组实施不负重游泳运动(6次/周,1～2h/次,每2周递增0.5h/次,共8周)。应用生理学方法观察动脉压力反射敏感性、心脏左室内压和心肌收缩力、心率变异性(HRV)等指标,应用高压液相色谱-电化学检测法和生化比色法分别分析血液及心肌组织中的儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶含量,应用氨基酸自动分析仪检测脑脊液中氨基酸类神经递质的含量,以免疫组化法检测心血管自主神经中枢内谷氨酸能神经和γ-氨基丁酸能神经的形态和密度。通过组间比较,探讨长期中等强度的体育运动对心血管自主神经调节功能的影响及其中枢机制。 以56～70岁中老年人为研究对象,按照有无健身锻炼的习惯划分为有锻炼习惯组和无锻炼习惯组,比较两组人群之间的心血管反射、血液儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶、HRV、体质等指标的差异,分析长期有氧锻炼对心血管自主神经调节功能和体质状况的影响。然后,以“HRV各参数”为自变量建立“体质总体状况”的判别函数,并检验其实际判别效果。 研究结果: 实验观察期结束时,与对照组大鼠相比,运动组大鼠心肌出现肥大,心脏泵血功能增强,心交感神经介导的动脉压力反射敏感性升高,心迷走神经介导的动脉压力反射敏感性变化不大,心交感神经紧张性变异和心迷走神经紧张性变异程度均增加;血浆儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶含量变化不大,血浆皮质酮水平在安静和运动状态下均降低,心肌组织中去甲肾上腺素含量升高,乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低;运动组大鼠脑脊液中γ-氨基丁酸含量增加,心血管自主神经中枢各神经核团内的谷氨酸能神经和γ-氨基丁酸能神经产生适应性重塑。 人体实验的结果是,有锻炼习惯人群和无锻炼习惯人群的心血管反射类型分布存在明显差异,血浆儿茶酚胺和乙酰胆碱酯酶水平没有显著性差异。有锻炼习惯人群的体脂%、安静心率、舒张压、复杂反应时明显低于无锻炼习惯人群,而肺活量、握力、闭眼单脚站立时间明显高于无锻炼习惯人群。以“HRV各参数”为自变量建立的“体质总体状况”判别函数,其判别效率为,回代正确率为76%,交互验证正确类为72%。 研究结论: 长期中等强度的有氧运动可增强心血管自主神经的调节功能,使交感神经和副交感神经的协调与对抗关系在一个更高的功能层面上达到新的平衡,这种心血管自主神经平衡状态的改变与中枢谷氨酸能神经和γ-氨基丁酸能神经的重塑以及脑脊液中氨基酸类神经递质含量的改变有关。以HRV分析为代表的心血管自主神经功能检测与评价,可以反应机体的整体健康状况和功能水平,因此应该加强“心血管自主神经功能评价”在体育实践领域中的研究和应用。
PURPOSE: To formulate the effect of aerobic exercise on balanced state of cardiovascular autonomic nerve from three aspects: organ, peripheral autonomic nerve and central autonomic nerve. Furthermore, explore the application of‘functional assessment of cardiovascular autonomic nerve’in the field of athletic practice. METHODS: SD rats divided two groups: trained group and controlled group. The trained group undertook 8-week swimming exercise (no-load, 6times/week, 1-2h /time, increase 0.5h every two weeks). Observed and compared cardiac function, arterial baroreflex sensitivity, heart rate variability, blood plasma’s and myocardial catecholamine and acetylcholine, cerebrospinal fluid’s amino acids, and the innervation of glutamatergic and gabaergic nerves in central cardiovascular autonomic nerve system with two groups after 8 weeks. People aged 56～70 years old divided two groups according to habit of daily exercise, aerobic exercising group and sedentary group. To compared the function of cardiovascular autonomic nerve system and fitness with two groups. Furthermore, to established discriminant function of fitness through HRV. RESULTS: Compared with controlled rats, the trained rats displayed many special features: hypermyotrophy, increased cardiac muscle systole and diastolic function, increased baroreflex sensitivity mediated by cardiac sympathetic nerve, unaltered baroreflex sensitivity mediated by cardiac vagus nerve, increased variability of tone of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve, unaltered blood plasma catecholamine and acetylcholine, decreased blood plasma corticosterone on resting and exercising condition, increased myocardial norepinephrine and acetylcholine, increased GABA in cerebrospinal fluid, changed plasticity of glutamatergic and gabaergic nerves in central cardiovascular autonomic nerve system. Compared with sedentary old people, the people of aerobic exercising group have more powerful function of cardiovascular autonomic nerve and fitness. The discriminant function of fitness through HRV posses higher applied value in practice. CONCLUSION: Long-term aerobic exercise can strengthen the function of cardiovascular autonomic nerve system, changes the autonomic balance. The functional assessment of cardiovascular autonomic nerve based on HRV can reflects the whole health status and functional level. We should enhance the study and application of‘functional assessment of cardiovascular autonomic nerve’in the field of athletic practice.
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