论文标题:宁夏农民收入问题研究
Study of Enterprise Lifecycle System Management Theory
论文作者 王刚
论文导师 常云昆,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 政治经济学
论文单位 西北大学,点击次数 75,论文页数 64页File Size2362k
2004-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_30706647/ 宁夏农民收人问题;原因分析;政策建议
Ningxia;Farmer;income;reason ;analyze;policy propose
改革开放后农民收入有较大幅度的增长，但近年来由于宏观经济形势变化，农民收入呈现了下滑趋势，2000年宁夏农民收入负增长3.7％，严重影响了农业生产的效率以及经济增长。本文从农民收入增长波动的实证分析入手，着重探讨了宏观经济因素和微观经济因素对农民增收的影响，以及应采取的对策。第一部分对农民收入增长波动进行实证分析，简要探讨新中国建立以来农民收入增长波动的周期。第二部分分析改革开放以来农民收入增长波动的宏观原因，主要表现在四个大的方面：一是制度构建。这种调整过程解除了对生产各要素作用的抑制，生产要素的能量得以释放。但随着农业发展，现行的制度又出现了抑制效应。二是政策投入。这种支持过程提高了农业生产资源的配置效率，但随着社会政策副产品的泛滥和各种寻租现象的产生，政策的副作用凸现。三是市场状况。这种调节过程推动了生产资源的合理配置，但市场的盲目性又助长了资源的浪费。四是经济周期的影响。这种波动过程带来了供求变化，直接或间接地拉动了收入增长的波动。第三部分分析了改革开放以来农民收入增长波动的微观原因。一是投入。初期投入提高了总产量和边际产量，继续投入边际产量达到极限后，出现下降趋势，边际收益递减规律发生作用，效益下降，收入下降。二是成本。成本过高，等成本线超过等产量线，边际收益小于边际成本，农民收入下降。三是价格。由于供过于求，需求下降，导致价格下降，价格不在边际成本等于边际收益点上，无法实现最大利润，收入下降。四是市场。消费品市场基本上成为消费者(买方)主权市场，但生产资料市场中的土地市场仍然是卖方市场，而且由于政策的副产品和寻租行为，土地价格(税费)上涨，增加了生产成本，基本农业生产资料市场在消费者主权市场大环境下，形成的生产者主权市场的特殊现象，从经济运行上影响农民收入增长。五是效用。农产品供过于求，其效用下降，需求下降，价格下降，收益下降，满足消费效用的产品生产出来，影响农民收入增长。六是收入多样性。非农产业带来了收入增长，但由于乡镇企业的滑坡，城市下岗职工和新就业人口增加，影响农民多样性收入的增加。第四部分，探讨增加农民收入的对策。一是调整农业内部产业结构，实现产业优化升级，降低比较成本，减少边际收益和效用递减规律制约。二是调整农业组织结构，构造新的农业制度结构，加快农业产业化进程，优化资源配置，实现规模效益和制度边际效益。三是适应农业产业高级化的要求，发展现代精准农业，整体提升农业生产管理和效益水平。四是大力发展非农产业，提升乡镇企业和非公企业素质，转移农村剩余劳动力，促进效益提高。五是加速农业科学技术创新和应用，提高农村经济整体效益。六是加强宏观调控，切实减轻农民负担，加大财政支农力度，降低间接生产成本。
After reforming,the farmer income have significantly increased.In recent years because of macroscopic economic movement and microcosmic economic factor,the farmer income trends to drop.In 2000,the Ningxia farmer income of the whole province negatively increased 3.7 % , seriouslyinfluenced agriculture efficiency that produce,the macroscopic economy increase with circulate.This essay began with positiv analysis to the fluctuation of increase of farmer income,put great emphasis on the macroscopic factor of analysis to influence farmer increase accept with microcosmic factor incomes,and should adopt counterplan.The first chapter positively analyzed the wave of increasing of farmer income and analyze the conditions,causes and cycle of the wave of increasing of farmer income from foundation of the state to after reformation.The second chapter analyzed the macroscopic reason of the wave of the growth of farmer income.It expressed in four big aspects: the first was a system set up,this kind of adjusted the process to relieve restraintable function from factors of production.Current system that energy can release,but again appeared the restraintable effect along with the agriculture production lined. The second was a policy by-product along withthe society and every form of searching rent phenomena produced,the policy"s side effect emerged.The third was a market improvment, this kind of regulated the process to push the production resources to install, but the market again fostered the resources wasted because of the market blindness. The fouth was the influenced by economic cycle, this kind of motion brought the change of supply and demand,directly or the indirectly pull the motion that move income"s increase.The third chapter analyzed the maicriscopic reason of the wave of the growth of farmer income since reformation and open.The first was throwing in. The early input increased the total yield and limit yield, after continuing to throw in the limit yield to attain the extreme limit, emerged descend trend,limit income was graduallydecreasing,the regulation occurred function,limit income was gradually decreasing,the benefit declined,and the income declined. The second was cost. The cost over the line of same yield exceed the same cost line, limit income was smaller than limit cost, and this time, farmer income declined. The third was price. When the limit cost is equal to the point of the limit income top, the price can realize the profits maximum. Supply exceeds demand, require with the descent, and caused the price descent. When the limit cost isn"t equal to the point of the limit income the top, the price can"t realize to maximum the profits, farmer income declined. The fourth was market. Consumer(buyer) goods market basically became the market of the consumer sovereignty, but the market of means of production in land market is still seller"s(seller)market. And because of the policy"s by -product and the behaviors of getting benefits by power,The growth of land price ( taxation) increased the production cost. Basic agricultural production market, under the big environment in market of consumer sovereignty formative of production the special phenomenon of the sovereignty market, influenced the farmer income to increase from the economy. The fifth was effectiveness. When agricultural product supply exceeded demand, the descent of its effect, need descended, and the price descended, and the income descended. The products which consumer needs weren"t producted out.That affected the farmer income to increase.The sixth was income vanety.Non-agricultural industry brought the income"s gain,but because of the landslide of townenterprises and new employment population in city, influenced variety income.The chapter four was the counterplan to control the fluctuation of increasing of farmer income ,esp.fall.The first was that sfrongly adjusted the construction of agriculture. The second was the enlarged areas of industrial crops.To reduce the effect of the law or marginal benefits and r
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