论文标题:马克思·韦伯的官僚化管理思想研究
On Marx Weber"s Theory of Bureaucracy
论文作者
论文导师 张峰,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义哲学
论文单位 华中科技大学,点击次数 200,论文页数 57页File Size542K
2006-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_31055327/
bureaucracy;; legitimacy;; rationality;; modern bureaucracy
官僚制理论是由马克斯·韦伯提出并做出了深入研究的问题。在韦伯之前,虽然也有人对这个问题做出研究,但只是在他这里,官僚制理论才第一次作为一个系统的理论而存在。在韦伯之后,官僚制的问题是20世纪学术思想研究中最为引人注目的问题,几乎所有20世纪著名的思想家们都对这个问题发表过意见。官僚制作为与工业社会相适应的传统组织模式,有其存在的合理性,韦伯这种强调规则、强调能力、强调知识的官僚制理论为社会发展提供了一种高效率、合乎理性的管理体制。韦伯认为理想的行政性组织应当以合理-合法权力作为组织的基础,认为一个组织越是能完全地消除个人的、非理性的、不易预见的感情因素或其他因素的影响,那么它的官僚制特征也就发展得越完善,从而越趋于一种“理想的”、“纯粹的”状态。官僚化是人类社会不可避免的进程,韦伯的理想行政组织体系自出现以来得到了广泛的应用,它已经成为各类社会组织的主要形式。韦伯的官僚化理论虽然不是管理思想的全新开创,只是社会实践的理论总结,但我们在重温韦伯官僚制理论之时,不是为了赞美他在历史上的重大贡献,而是认同其思想对现代组织行为的现实指导意义。但随着现代社会的发展,其弊端也日益暴露出来。20世纪70年代以来,由于理性官僚制的一些先天性缺陷以及其过度发展导致的与后工业社会的不适应,西方发达国家掀起了以摒弃“官僚制”为主题的“新公共管理运动”,然而由于我国与西方发达国家所处发展阶段以及官僚制的发育程度不同,我国当前的改革不仅不能摒弃官僚制,而且还要为官僚制补课,我们只能立足现实,以继续完善现代官僚制为首要任务,探索适合我国未来管理发展的新模式。
The theory of bureaucracy was proposed and thoroughly studied by Marx Web. Despite of the study on this issue made by others prior to him, the theory didn"t pronounce its existence as a systematic one until Web. After him, the issue of bureaucracy had been the most striking in the academic research of the 20th century, on which nearly all famous thinkers of that century had made their comments. As a traditionally organizational mode suited for industrializing society, bureaucracy could exist reasonably. Weber introduced it to emphasize rule, ability and knowledge, which in fact offered an efficient and rational administrative system to society. An ideal administrative organization should be based on rationality-legal rights. The more it reduced the personal, irrational and unpredictable factors, the more it developed in Weber’s view. His ideal administrative organization has been applied universally to the extent that nearly all the social organizations have adopted it. Since Weber’s theory is more of the conclusion of social practice rather than an innovation of the administrative theory, when we rethink it, we appreciate its attribution to practice more than to theory. But along with the development of modern society, its drawback has been exposed day by day. since 1970s’the rational official system could not have an active response to the post-industrial society because of its abuses Consequently, most Western advanced countries started the administration reform against the officialism. Because the developing stages between China and the West are different and the officialism in China is still at its beginning and we can’t banish the rational officialism, so we should further perfect it. We should further perfect modern bureaucracy and select the essence of new management to develop China’s administration.
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