论文标题:陈寅恪与新考据学
Chenyinke and the New Study of Textual Criticism
论文作者 秦竞芝
论文导师 张家（王番）；庞祖喜,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 799,论文页数 36页File Size1904k
2001-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_314637/ 陈寅恪;新考据学
Chenyinchue,the new study of textual criticism
陈寅恪(1890-1969年)是我国现代著名史学家和文献学家。他幼承家学，秉赋过人，博闻强记，通晓十几种语言，具有深厚的国学功底；他曾长期游学国外，广泛接触西方学术思想，在融合中西学术方法方面，做出了特殊贡献。 20世纪初期，随着西方文化的传入，中西文化发生冲突，中国传统文化面临着发展危机，当时学术界出现了“全盘西化”的论调。在这种情况下，王国维、陈垣、陈寅恪等人基于对中国传统文化价值的深刻认识，出于对叫中国传统文化的热爱，试图把中国传统学术方法与西方学术方法融合起来，为传统文化寻求新的发展途径。他们在继承和发展中国传统学术方法，特别是历史考据学方面，做出了很大的贡献，形成了中国史学史上具有代表意义的“新考据学”派。 陈寅恪是“新考据学”派的代表人物之一。他研究的范围，涉及中古史、宗教史、蒙古史、敦煌学等，并取得了不少开创性的成果。其著作主要有《隋唐制度渊源略论稿》、《唐代政治史述沦稿》等。另有一批论文，汇集在《金明馆丛稿初编》、《金明馆丛稿二编》、《元白诗笺证稿》、《寒柳堂集》等文集中。他晚年的力作《柳如是别传》，既是他“诗史互证”方法的代表作，也是其一生学术方法的总结。 综观陈寅恪的著作，多属考证性文字，具采用的方法多为中国传统学术研究之法，但他的考据方法，已有别于传统意义上的考据。他以考据为手段，在考证历史事实的基础上，还注意探求历史发展的规律。考察陈寅恪“新考据学”方法形成的原因，主要有两个方面：其一，继承了中国传统的考据方法。中国传统的考据方法最初注重名物训诂，以经史传注的形式存在。到了宋代，学者们在考证史实的同时，更注重义理。清代乾嘉时期考据学达到了极盛，形成了一套完整的考据方法体系，但大部分乾嘉学者的考据脱离实际，走上了为考据而考据的道路。陈寅恪在继承乾嘉学者实事求是、精密严谨的考据之学时，也吸收了宋代学者追求义理的作风，注重探求历史的规律。其二，受西方学术思想的影响。在西方历史语言考证学派的影响下，他十分重视对语言工具的学习，并掌握了十几门外语。他利用自己所掌握的语言工具，对中外文资料进行比较 研究：在西方文化史学的影响下，他在历史研究中引入文化史学观点，从民族 与文化两个角度来进行研究，拓展了史学研究的范围。 在继承传统的前提下，陈寅。洛对考据方法加以创新，形成了他独具特色的新 考据方法。其考据方法的特点可概括为以下两点：即“诗史互证”与比较的方 法。“诗史互证”是陈寅烙在研究中用得最多，最具特色的一种考据方法。虽然 首先提出这种方法的并不是陈寅烙，但他把这种方法大量付诸实践并取得了丰 硕成果。他首先注意到唐诗的史料价值。唐诗其所以能用以考证史实，在于唐 诗的作者来自社会各阶层，唐诗中许多作品直接反映了现实生活，可以补正正 史之不足及讹误。除唐诗外，小说也可以用于证史。他还提出了利用小说证史 应注意的一些原则。《柳如是别传》是陈寅。恰“诗史互证”的力作，此书通过笺 释钱谦益、柳如是的诗文，系统论述了明末清初的一系列重大历史事件。陈寅 。洛“诗史互证”方法的运用，既是对史料范围的扩展，也是对考据方法的创新。 比较的方法体现在他利用自己掌握的语言工具，进行中外文资料的比较研究， 发现了许多前人未发现的问题，并阐明了自己的看法。他利用这种方’法在蒙古 史研究中获得了许多成果；他还利用对音方法考证出史书中的一些地名，以及 书籍在辗转翻译过程中出现的一些错误。与王国维一样，陈寅。洛也注重地上实 物与地下实物的比较研究，特别是利用敦煌出土资料释证文献记载，并有许多 发现。 陈寅惟的新考据学方‘法，丰富和发展了我国传统文献研究方法，在弘扬中国 传统文化方面具有重大意义，但他有些考据过于繁复冗长，这又是他的不足。 作为一位爱国学者，陈寅侣关注民族的命运和文化兴亡，坚持“精神的独立” 和“思想之自由”，希望能使中华文化独立干世界之林。他治学严谨，诲人不倦， 值得后世学者引为楷模。
Chenyinke(1890-1969) is a famous historian in modern China. He possesses surpassing talents, estinsive learning and a good memory, furthermore, grasps ten and odds of languages. He learned family learning from childhood, thus laid a solid foundation of national learning; at his youth, he traveled abroad for further study and received the influence of all kinds academic thoughts in the west. His experience and constant efforts later enable him to made special contributions to the combination of Chinese and the western approaches in academic research.In the early 20th century, conflicts appeared between Chinese and the western cultures along with the introduction of western culture, Chinese traditional culture was in danger as some people in the academic circles proposed to "totally westernize" China. Under these circumstances, Chenyinke , Chenyuan and many others posited on spread Chinese traditional culture . They were fully knowledgeable about the value of Chinese traditional culture and made attempts to combine Chinese traditional academic approaches with the western approaches, thus found a new way for developing traditional culture . They really made great contribution to succeeding and developing Chinese traditional academic approaches , esp. to the study of textual criticism , and eventually formed a new school of"new study of textual criticism", which was significant in history study in China.Chenyinke is one of the representations of the "school of the new study of textual criticism". His study covers a vast range, including history of middle ages, history of religion, history of Mongolia, the study of Dunhuang and many others. He has made some creative achievements in his research field, but he is not a profile writer. His publications mainly include On the formation ofSui and Tang dynasty"s system, On tlie political history of Tang dynasty and some essays which were collected in Assaysin Jinmingguan :book 1, book 2, Assays on poems of Yuan and Bai"s , Assays in Hanluitang and other colleted works. During the rest of his life , he wrote the Separate History of Luirmhi, which can be considered a masterpiece of his approach known as "inter-proving of poetry and history", meanwhile a summary of his life-long research on academic approaches.Generally speaking, all works by Chen are about textual research and his approaches in making such research work are completely of a traditional Chinese kind. However , his works finds difference in the aspect of methods of textual research . Basing on textual research on historical facts, he puts emphasis in history understanding and the exploration of the developing laws of history. Why Chenyinke can master such kind of method? The reasons are believed to lie in these two aspects: one is he has succeeded the traditional Chinese ways in textual research . The traditional way , at the beginning ,stresses exegetical studies and exists in notes to classics and historical records . Till Song Dynasty, scholars developed this traditional method .They not only made textual research on the historical facts, but paid much attention on laws of history. The study of textual research reached its peak during Qianlong,and Jiaqing Period in Qing Dynasty . It has formed a whole set of system in textual research . But most scholars in this period deviated reality. They just did textual research for the sake of textual research. In succeeding the good points or the scholars in Qian, Jia Period, Chenyinke persists in seeking truth from the facts and being serious and accurate in doing research work. Meanwhile, he absorbed the working style of the scholars in Song Dynasty and aimed his work at exploring historical laws; the other reason is connected with the influence of the western academic thought imposed upon him. Chen spent a long period studying abroad. He was greatly influenced by the western the school of historical language testifying and thought highly of grasping languages as instrument in making research work, He learned and grasped tens and odds of foreign languages
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