论文标题:不同苜蓿（Medicago Sativa）品种品质特性的分析及评价
Analysis and Evaluation on Quality Characteristics of Different Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) Varieties
论文作者 刘玉华
论文导师 贾志宽,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 生态学
论文单位 西北农林科技大学,点击次数 83,论文页数 62页File Size2876k
2003-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_334372817/ 苜蓿,营养成分动态,适宜利用时期,品质性状,农艺形状,综合评价
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa),Dynamics of nutritional compositions,Suitable use time,Quality characteristics,Morphological characteristics,Comprehensive evaluation
苜蓿是优质的绿色蛋白饲料作物，是解决我国蛋白质饲料匮乏问题的重要来源。苜蓿产业化发展要有优良的品种作保证，苜蓿品质性状的研究对苜蓿品种的选择和合理利用至关重要。本文结合前人的研究，以国内外引进的31个苜蓿品种为材料，采用概略养分分析法和纤维洗涤剂法，分别测定粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、无氮浸出物(NFE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗灰分(CASH)、钙(Ca)和磷(P)含量等9个品质指标，并对苜蓿营养物质含量的动态变化、适宜利用时期、品质性状间及其与农艺形状的相关性等问题进行了研究，综合评价31个苜蓿品种的经济价值，以期优选出产量高、质量好的优良苜蓿品种，为西北旱区建立大面积高产优质人工草地提供可行性依据。研究结果表明： 1．不同茬次23个苜蓿品种的营养成分含量随生育阶段的推移而变化，且在发育过程中的变化趋势基本一致：随生育阶段推移，CP、EE、NFE、CASh、Ca、P含量和有机物质消化率逐渐下降；CF、NDF和ADF含量逐渐增加。且在初花期前，营养成分含量变化都较为迅速，初花后相对缓和，CF、NDF和ADF含量在盛花期至结荚初期变化幅度及速度有增加的趋势。但是不同茬次23个苜蓿品种的CP和NDF、ADF含量平均值随生育阶段的推移变化的幅度及速度不同：随生育阶段的推移，第二茬苜蓿营养成分的变化幅度和速度均大于第一茬苜蓿。从分枝到结荚初期第一茬苜蓿CP含量下降幅度为6.53个百分点，日均下降速度为0.13％·d~(-1)，第二茬分别为9.32个百分点，0.274％·d~(-1)。 2．第一茬的23个苜蓿品种大致可分为4类：第一类为：品质较优的品种，包括巨人201、牧野、爱维兰、全能、爱菲尼特、侵略者、改革者、爱博、超级13R、超级阿波罗、路宝、北疆苜蓿；第二类为品质良好的品种，包括卫士302、牧歌401、爱林；第三类为品质一般的品种，包括中兰一号、新疆大叶、射手、德国大叶熊、美国杂交熊；第四类为品质较差的品种，包括新牧一号、中苜一号和保丰。 3．不同茬次初花期的苜蓿养分比较结果为：第一茬苜蓿的消化率、粗蛋白(CP)、无氮浸出物(NFE)含量显著高于后两茬(P＜0.05)，而在第二茬与第三茬之间无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；CF、NDF、ADF含量第二茬最高，第一茬和第三茬无显著性差异(P＞0.05)；CASh含量第一茬较高；各茬次中EE、Ca、P含量较小，变化不大。从总的营养价值来看，第一茬苜蓿品质优于第二、三茬。 4．苜蓿适宜利用时期的结果表明：23个苜蓿品种品种第一茬的干草产量都随生育阶段推移而增加，在结荚初期达到最高。但从粗蛋白质产量和纤维蛋白比来看，苜蓿草应在初花到盛花期前刈割为宜。 5．不同茬次间品质性状的变异情况为：消化率、NDF、ADF、NFE、CF、CP变异系数较小，表明这6个品质受环境影响相对较小；P、EE和Ca含量变异系数较大，这些指标受环境影响相对较大，具有很大的改良余地。不同首稽品种品质性状的分析及评价 6.品质性状相关分析的结果表明:CP含量与CF、NDF、ADF含量呈极显著负相关;CF含量与NDF、ADF和Ca含量极显著正相关;NFE含量与CF、NDF、ADF、CASh含量达到极显著或显著负相关;而消化率与CP、NFE、EE含量都达到极显著或显著正相关，与CF、NDF、ADF含量达到极显著负相关。 7.首稽品质性状与农艺性状的相关系数表明:CP含量与节间数、L/S呈显著正相关，与节间长呈显著负相关;CF、NDF、ADF含量与L/S呈显著负相关;有机物质消化率与L/S呈显著正相关;其它品质性状与农艺形状之间都存在弱的相关性。 8.排序值反映牧草经济价值的好坏，排序值越大，说明该牧草的经济价值越好。31个首楷品种的经济价值排序为:北疆首稽>牧歌401>爱菲尼特>全能>巨人201>爱维兰>新牧一号>爱林>侵略者>GS一88RN>美国杂交熊>中兰一号>德国大叶熊>DLL>超级13R>兼用型>超级阿波罗>牧野>中首一号>Rowdy>保丰>卫士302>爱博>路宝>射手>新疆大叶>朝阳>Vector>改革者>C01umb。>竞争者。
Alfalfa is a forage crop with high protein, which is an important resource of plant protein. Alfalfa industrialization depends on advanced varieties, research on alfalfa quality characteristics is vital for selection and reasonable utilization of different varieties. On the basis of the predecessor"s research, this experiment adopted Common nutritional tests and Detergent fiber analysis to measure respectively content of CP, EE, NFE, CF, NDF, ADF, CASH, Ca and P. Besides, dynamics of nutritional compositions of different alfalfa varieties in different cuttings, suitable cut time, correlation of quality characteristics, and relationship between quality characteristics and morphological characteristics were studied. Through analysis above, we evaluated comprehensively economic value of 31 alfalfa varieties by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), in order to select advanced alfalfa varieties with high yield and high quality, and provide feasible basis for constructing grasslands in the northwest region. The results as follows:1. Main nutritional concentrations changed with developing stage of 23 alfalfa varieties in different cuttings, the concentrations of CP, EE, NFE, CASH, Ca, P and digestibility decreased, while CF, NDF, ADF content increased. Nutritional concentrations changed rapidly before beginning of flower, while changed slowly after beginning of flower. Moreover, from full bloom stage to early pod stage, CF, NDF, ADF content increased rapidly by a big range, at the same time, digestibility declined dramatically. However, changes of CF, NDF, and ADF average content of 23 alfalfa varieties in different growth stages of different cuttings were different. Namely, with advancing growth stage, Changes of nutritional compositions in range and velocity for first-cut alfalfa were bigger than those for second-cut alfalfa. For example, from branching stage to beginning of pod stage, CP content for first-cut alfalfa reduced 6.53% in range, and declined 0.13% d-1 in velocity, whereas for second-cut alfalfa respectively decreased 9.32% and 0.274% d-1.2. By cluster analysis, 23 alfalfa varieties in first cuttings were divided into four types: The first type was the best including Ameristand201, Alfagraze, Avalanche, Total, Affinity, Aggressor, Innovator, Arriba, ISRsupreme, Apollo supreme, Lobo, Beijiang; The second type was better ones including Ameriguard302, Amerigraze401, Abilence; The third type was common quality including ZhonglanN0.1, Xinjiangdaye, Archer, Deguodaye, Meiguozajiao; The forth type was poor including Xingmu N0.1, ZhongmuN0.1 and Baofeng.3. Nutritional compositions in early flower stage of different cuttings were compared; Results showed that digestibility, CP, NFE content in the first cuttings were higher markedly than those in the second or third cuttings (P<0.05). CF, NDF and ADF concentrations werethe highest in the second cuttings, comparison of them between the first and the third cuttings wasn"t significant (P>0.05); EE, Ca, P content were lower relatively and had little changes than others in different cuttings. In the view of total nutrition value, quality of alfalfa in the first cuttings was finer than that in the second or third cuttings.4. Result of research on suitable cut time of alfalfa showed that yield of hay increased in the first cuttings, and reached peak in the beginning of pod stage, as growth stage proceeded. In the view of CP yield and rate of fiber to protein, alfalfa should be harvested when reaching one-tenth bloom, and completed harvest by the time when alfalfa reached full bloom.5. In the early bloom of different cuttings, Variation coefficients of digestibility, NDF, ADF, NFE, CF and CP was small, that of P, Ca and EE content was relatively bigger.6. Research on correlated analysis of quality characteristics, and relationships between quality characteristics and morphological characteristics showed that CP content was negative significantly correlated with CF, NDF, ADF concentrations (P<0.01 ); CF content positively significantly c
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