论文标题:汽车与近代中国社会
A Study on the Automobile and the Modern Chinese Society
论文作者 马建华
论文导师 何建明,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 221,论文页数 71页File Size3079k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_33880772/ 汽车;近代中国;社会;文化
Auto;Mordern China;Society;cultury
20世纪初，被誉为当时“人类文明的最新呼声”的汽车首次被西方人引入中国。在近代中国历经风霜雪雨的近半个世纪中，作为西方工业文明杰出代表的汽车，其影响何在?实际上，就近代中国从西方引进的交通设施而言，史学界主要关注于轮船和铁路，对于近代中国汽车的研究近乎空白。 本文认为，自欧战以后，汽车对于中国社会的重要性逐渐取代铁路，并在抗战期间达到顶峰。通过对本课题的研究，在一定程度上可深化和拓展近代中国社会史、经济史、技术史或工业史、军事史、城市史乃至文化史的研究。 本文的正文部分共分五个部分。第一部分是引言，阐述了关于本课题研究的学术意义和现实意义。第二部分论述了自晚清至1949年中国人对汽车的反应或认识。1901年，汽车首次被西方人引进上海。在清末，人们一方面把汽车作为显贵扬富的时髦之物，另一方面由于汽车是西方产物人们对其紧张、疑惧，但并未拒绝。民国成立以后，尤其是欧战以来，汽车在西方国家效用大显，国人受此潮流之所趋和国内时局之刺激，汽车遂被视为“文化实业之先锋军”；但另一方面，由于汽车的应用引发了一系列的社会问题，汽车遂被少数人看作瑕玷之物。南京国民政府建立后，国民党政府出于军事和政治需要开始大规模兴修公路和大量进口汽车。由于汽车穿过遥远的乡村，国内产生了汽车能否“复兴或救济中国农村”的论争。抗战期间，由于日军全力轰炸沿海铁路，国民政府的军事运输因而转向汽车，汽车的国防军事功能因之凸显。抗战胜利前夕，蒋介石在重庆发出了“工业复国”的号召，汽车工业在战后将扮演重要角色。第三部分通过汽车展览、汽车游行、汽车广告等西方商业文化在近代中国的兴起，本文指出它们一方面增强了人们对汽车的了解和认识，并在一定程度上促进了城市商业的发展；同时也说明了这种汽车文化在中国社会的局限。第四部分首先概述了中国近代公路建设的概况，显示了汽车在其中所起的作用；接着通过史料的梳理指出：汽车的引进和使用改善了城市内的交通条件，在一定程度上促进了中国城市商业的发展，城市空间亦随着汽车路线的开通而向四周延 厂＼硕士学位论文 w MASTER’S ThESIS神，一些中小城镇亦因汽车而逐渐繁荣，对于铁路不及的中国西北和西南地区，现代文明的几许曙光多半是随汽车而入，汽车对近代中国都市化程度加深其功大焉。最后本文指出了由于汽车的引进和应用，中国开始了在与汽车相关的各工业领域内的初步努力。在第五部分，本文通过西方和近代中国社会的简单比较，分析了汽车在近代中国社会只能发挥有限作用的原因。
Auto was called "the newest voice of the mankind civilization" which was brought into China at the beginning of the twentieth century0 what was the influence of Auto梩he distinguished representative of the western industrial civilization in China? In fact, the historican learners have been paying more attention to the steamship and train on account of the transport weans imported from the western society, but the study on Auto have almost been nothing.,My paper think the significances of Auto had replaced the train after the first world war, and the research of Auto" s value reached the climax in Anti桱apanese war0 It will deepen and develop the study of the Modern Chinese social history, military history, economical history, technical history or industrical history , and even that cultural history,,This paper is divided into five parts. ? The first part will tell us its current significances and learning meaning. ? The second part will discuss the attitude or understands about Auto from the Later Qing Dynasty to 1949 year., Auto was firstly brought into the China from the western country in 1901 year0 Not only the people had thoughted Auto for the fashionable toy, but also they suspected or dreaded for but not rejected Auto in Later Oing Dynasty; then Auto had been thought " the vanguard military of developing the industry and culture" for adapting herself to world trends and stimulating to the circumstances of the China after the foundation of the Republic of China especially the first world war when Auto" s value showed in the western country, but also Auto was thought the bad thing because it brought some bad influences? the Kuomintang had vastly builded the hightway and imported Auto for theneeds of military and political rule after the foundation of the Nanjing" Kuomintang state, there was a discuss whether Auto could restore the rural China with Auto appearing in the villages,, The Chinese military transport turned for Auto for Japanese army bombing the Chinese train that Auto" value in the military and national defence had mostly showed in the Anti桱apanese war. Jiang Jieshi had appealed for " the industry restoring the nation" in ChongQing before the war was over0 In the third part, the paper will point out that they strengthened the understanding and knowing for people about Auto, meanwhile they indicated the limit of this Auto" culture in Mordern China through connecting exsibition, parade, ad and commercial culture with Auto0 In the fourth part, this paper will beginly summarize the survey of the highway" s development in Mordern China, which reflects Auto" s value in it; then it" 11 indicate that the urban transpor was imported, the urban commerce developed in some degree, it" s space extended , some medium ? sized cities and little towns began to develop , the mordern civilization entered into the North West and South West in China where were not the train by the Auto, the urban" s urbanization in Mordern China strengthed from the arranging of history data0 lastly it raised the Mordern China had begun to do something for all sorts of industrys about Auto. The fifth part will advance that Auto partially played limit role by comparing the western society with the Mordern China.
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