论文标题:我国农村生态环境保护存在的问题及对策研究
On the Construction of Party"s Administrative Ability in New Period
论文作者 徐晓云
论文导师 张富国,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 269,论文页数 36页File Size161k
2004-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_345390347/ 农村环境保护 ; 现状; 原因 ;对策
Environmental protection in the rural area;the existing conditions; the reasons; the countermeasures
近年来，在人口不断增加和经济大规模展开的双重压力下，我国农村生态环境的总体形势非常严峻。加入世贸组织后，我国农村将更多地参预国际分工，尤其是新技术革命，改变了农民的生产方式和生活方式，农村的经济发展与生态环境恶化的矛盾将进一步突出。在这种情况下，我国农村的生态环境保护就不可避免地被提上了议程。为此，我们必须研究我国农村生态环境保护的现状，分析其成因，在此基础上探索有中国特色的农村环境保护的对策。首先，应该肯定的是，经过二十多年的不懈努力，我国农村环境保护工作已经取得了一些初步的成就：开发建设了多种绿色工程，增强了农村自然环境保护的可持续发展能力和水平；环保法律相继出台，并初步形成体系；农村环保投入有所增加，且环保投入已经纳入到国家重点投资领域；农村环保科技的应用越来越广泛，环境科技支撑能力逐步增强；农村治理、控制环境污染的能力在显著提高，已经有了较成熟的环境保护经验和管理办法；环保理念开始渗透到农村社会生产和生活的各个领域。但是，从总体上说，我国农村生态破坏的趋势并没有得到有效的遏制。生态质量继续变差，功能持续降低；生态环境污染继续加重，已经由点源污染向面源污染的趋势发展；生态灾难增多，生态建设跟不上生态破坏的力度和速度。存在这些问题的原因是多方面的。从表面上看，是由于农户和乡镇企业的微观经济活动不合理；从根本上说，则和我国农村经济基础薄弱、环保投入少、科技水平低、人口众多、素质低下、环保制度不健全、环保措施执行不利等实际情况是分不开的。针对我国农村环境保护的现状和特点，我们努力探索一种适合我国农村实际情况的环境保护的可持续发展模式：以经济发展为基础；以科技应用为支点；以政府干预为手段；以制度创新为导向；以法制完善为保障；以意识提高为条件。
In recent years , under the double pressures of increasing population and large—scale economic development, ecological environment in the rural area is getting worse, After entering the WTO, the rural area will be more involved in the international division of labour Furthermore,extensive application of new technology has transformed farmers’ mode of production and way of life. The contradiction between the economic development and ecological environment will be further featured. Under these conditions, the ecological environmental protection is inevitably taken up . Therefore, we must have a research on the existing conditions of the ecological environmental protection, analyse the reasons for the pollution, and find out the countermeasures with Chinese characteristics.First of all, it should be acknowledged that the work of environmental protection in the rural area has obtained the preliminary achievement. However, generally speaking, the trend of ecocide is not curbed efficiently. The ecological quality keeps worsening. Ecological environment is more seriously polluted. Ecological disasters are increasing. The rate or ecological destruction is faster than that of ecological construction.There are several reasons for the existing problems. Superficially, ecological destruction is caused by the unreasonable micro-economic activities of farmers and town enterprises. Fundamentally, it is closely related to the frail economic basis of the rural area, the small capital investment to the environment protection, underdevelopment of science and technology, large population, and unsound environmental protection system, etc.According to the present conditions and features of environment protection in the rural area, we try hard to find out a mode which suits the actual situation in the rural area; economic development is the basis; the application of technology is the fulcrum; the governmental administration is the means; the constitution creation is the direction; the perfection of laws is the safeguard; the realization reinforcement is the prerequisite.
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