论文标题:科学实践哲学视野中的风水研究
Studies on Feng-shui from the Perspective of Philosophy of Scientific Practice
论文作者
论文导师 吴彤,论文学位 博士,论文专业 科学技术哲学
论文单位 清华大学,点击次数 58,论文页数 175页File Size1754K
2006-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_350919957/
Feng-shui practice; Feng-shui theory; philosophy of science; philosophy of scientific practice; local knowledge
自上个世纪以来,科学哲学领域关注的对象始终是科学,自然科学的发展使得其它地方性知识边缘化的趋势越来越明显,风水即是一例。随着新兴的科学实践哲学进入人们的视野,科学知识的地方性品格日益突显,国内学者开始从科学哲学的角度对地方性知识进行研究。本论文正是在这种背景下以风水活动为对象展开研究,试图从实践角度对中国的地方性知识形成过程中的风水活动进行探索,为科学哲学的研究提供一种实践解释案例。 本研究在视角和方法上主要采用科学实践哲学的观点作为分析风水实践和理论活动的支点,纳入时间因素,将风水活动置于“社会、文化、人”的历史环境中,哲学地一窥风水活动诸方面在历史变迁中的展演。 首先,通过回顾科学哲学内部出现的若干科学划界标准以及在这些标准下风水活动的科学性或非科学性,发现获得一个严谨、精确而统一的科学划界标准尚存在一定难度。划界标准的最新发展就是希望在历史和社会的情境中,具体问题具体分析,从多个视界寻找历史和社会的特定语境下建构起来的风水活动,这也为本文从科学哲学角度研究风水活动提供了进一步分析的合法性基础。 其次,论文引入科学实践哲学和科学知识社会学的新视角,试图在科学知识社会学(SSK)的案例研究的自然主义描述方式、微观的发生学进路和科学哲学对实践和语境重视的背景下对风水进行一次再考察。研究整理出风水活动的基本实践规范和理论架构;风水实践的主体——风水师在社会主流价值取向的牵制下深深影响了风水活动发展的轨迹;风水实践操作工具(以罗盘为例)的发展止于“实用性”的满足,用于“权力化”,从而随着时代的变迁逐渐淡出。 最后,论文认为中国特有的自然观、文化因素和世俗因素是导致风水实践淡出和理论神秘化加强的重要原因;总结了风水活动被中华文化标准化的深刻原因,指出风水的标准化实质上是理念的标准化,地域性限制仍然强大;提出了实践有效性、风水理论与实践之间的关系、风水神秘性存在原因、地方性知识与近代自然科学关系以及地方性知识与科学的文化研究等问题对于科学哲学研究的意义,为科学实践哲学和地方性知识理论的发展提供了独特例证性研究。
Since last century, natural science has always been the focus in the research of philosophy of science. With the development of natural science, local knowledge has been increasingly marginalized, and Feng-shui (or Geomancy) serves as an example. The philosophy of scientific practice as an emerging field has come to the attention of researches; and it is field that highlights the local characters of scientific knowledge. Scholars within China have begun to research on local knowledge from this perspective of philosophy of science. My thesis focuses its research on Feng-shui activities against this backdrop, and tries to explore them as the formation and development of a typical Chinese local knowledge from the perspective of practice. This should provide the research of philosophy of science with a case-study of practical explanation. The research mainly uses as its theoretical foundation - in terms of the perspective and method - the viewpoint of philosophy of scientific practice in analyzing Feng-shui practices. It brings in the time factor, puts Feng-shui into a historical environment of“society, culture, people”, and observes philosophically the interaction of all perspectives of Feng-shui activities in the historical context. First, it gives a retrospective study of the demarcation problems in philosophy of science and explains how under different criteria of science/pseudoscience Feng-shui activities may be regarded as scientific or pseudoscientific. The result of my research shows that it’s difficult to acquire a precise, accurate and unified demarcation criterion of science. The hope of the latest advance on demarcation problems shows that we should see Feng-shui activities in specific historical and social context from various fields of vision, and make a detailed analysis of concrete problems that provides the basis of further analysis of the Feng-shui activities from the perspective of philosophy of science. Second, my thesis introduces the new perspectives of philosophy of scientific practice and Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK), attempts to re-examine the
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