论文标题:中国城市贫困问题研究
Research on Related Issues about the Setting of Petroleum & Natural Gas Accounting Standards
论文作者 涂丽静
论文导师 王桂琴,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 政治经济学
论文单位 中央民族大学,点击次数 52,论文页数 46页File Size2572k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_356305547/ 城市贫困;构成;特征;原因;缓解对策
the city poverty problem; construction; feature; reason; countermeasure
贫困是一个世界性难题,也是人类面临的最严峻挑战之一。为此,联合国把每年的10月17日确定为“国际消除贫困日”。20世纪90年代以来,由于经济全球化的影响,在市场经济价值观念的引导下,经济体制急剧转轨,企业改革也逐步深化,由此在中国城市社会引发了诸多经济和社会问题,加上中国社会保障安全网本身的脆弱和不足,短短几年中,就在城市中迅速形成了以下岗职工和失业人员为主体的城市贫困群体。由于城市贫困人口相对集中,这样一个庞大的城市贫困群体,从生活、就业、保障等方面都给国家和社会带来沉重的压力,对社会稳定构成巨大威胁。 实现科学发展,构建和谐社会将是今后中国改革的重点,和谐社会有六大特征:民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处。而城市贫困问题的长期存在,与当前中国构建和谐社会的设想相抵触,与中国经济社会发展的目标相违背。和谐社会不是一个没有利益沖突的社会,而是一个有能力解决和化解利益冲突,并由此实现利益大体均衡的社会。要构建一个和谐社会,必须要统筹各方面的利益关系,进一步理顺收入分配关系,完善社会保障体系,要特别关心困难群众的生产生活,切实保障所有社会成员分享改革发展的成果,维护和实现社会公平。 近年来,我国在实现经济增长和减轻贫困方面都作了积极的努力,并取得了不同的进展。但是,我们应该认识到,城市贫困问题将成为今后困扰中国发展的一个难题,如何缓解贫困,构建一个和谐社会,应该作为我国政府工作的重中之重。 本文共分为五章,将对城市贫困的概念、城市贫困人口的规模及生存特征、产生原因、井会后果、发展趋势及缓解城市贫困问题的政策与建议等方面进行探讨。第一章为城市贫困人口的界定和构成。文中列举了国际与国内学术界对城市贫困概念的定义,并阐述了本文对贫困定义的理解。在此基础上对中国城市贫困人口的规模及特征进行了分析说明。第二章分别从收入状况、家庭基本消费状况、健康与教育状况和社会活动状况四个方面对城市贫困人口的生存特征进行了描述与分析。第三章为城市贫困人口致贫的原因分析。这是本文的重点章节。分别从宏观背景与微观因素两个大的方面对致贫原因进行了分析。第四章为城市贫困问题带来的社会后果和发展趋势。分别从家庭和社会两个角度对贫困问题可能产生的不良后果进行了分析,并进一步指出我国城市贫困问题将出现长期化、稳固化,贫困化程度不断加剧的趋势。因此,我们迫切需要提出一系列的对策,来缓解城市贫困问题。这也就是第五章的内容:缓解城市贫困问题的对策与建议。这章在借鉴世界各国的反贫困经验后,提出了一系列在中国缓解贫困的对策与建议,包括扩大就业、完善社会保障制度,完善税收、收入分配等配套体制、加强舆论引导、限制农村剩余劳动力盲目转移,完善立法等,力求有创新之处。 本文的写作综合运用了比较研究法、实证研究法等多种研究方法,综合运用了经济学、社会学等不同学科的理论知识,井参考了国内外学者对城市贫困问题的有关研究成果、文章,通过独立思考,试图在继承现有城市贫困问题研究成果的基础上,对如何缓解城市贫困问题能有一个突破与创新。关键词:城市贫困,构成,特征,原因,缓解对策
Poverty is a international problem and a big challenge that human is faced with. Therefore October 17th is be determined" International Poverty-Elimination Day "by the United Nations. Since 90s, because of the influence of economic globalization and market economic are introduced, the society has had many economic and social problems. In short few years, the city poverty group and unemployment people have appeared, which brings heavy pressure and threat to the country and the society.Developing scientifically and constructing a harmonious society will be the focal point of the Chinese reform in the future. A harmonious society has 6 features: democration, fair justice and sincerity, filling with vigour, order, person getting along with the nature harmoniously. But the long-term existence of city poverty-problem violates with the goal of Chinese economic social development. A harmonious society is not a society that has no benefit conflict, but is that one can solve and dissolve benefit conflict and realize the balance of interest. To found a harmonious society, we must negotiate related benefits and income distribut ion and improve the social security system and so on. Finally the social members can share the accomplishment of reform development and a fair society.In recent years, our country has made positive effort in realizing economic increase and alleviating poverty. But we should know that city poverty problem will become a baffling problem that puzzles Chinese development in the future. How to alleviate poverty and found a harmonious society should be the major point in the government work of our country.This thesis is divided into 5 parts. The first part is the city poverty population defination and construction. The second part describes and analyses the survival features from 4 aspects. The 3rd analyses the reasons of city poverty population forming,which is the key chapter of this thesis. It analyses reasons from macroscopic background and microscopic factor. The 4th part includes the social consequence and the development tendency that the problem brings. The 5th part is:suggestions of alleviating the city poverty problem.The thesis adopts many writing ways and referes to articles and the relevant research of domestic and international scholars about the city poverty problem. Through independent thought, the author attempts to have a breakthrough and innovation on the poverty problem.
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