论文标题:我国商事登记立法研究
Research on Legislation of Commercial Registration in China
论文作者 韦浩
论文导师 高富平,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 法律
论文单位 华东政法学院,点击次数 101,论文页数 57页File Size2188k
2002-04-02论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_35950112/ 最惠国待遇;特惠制;争端解决规则;区域经济一体化
Female; Abroad marriage; right; the weak.
商事登记(我国称为企业登记)是创设商事主体的法律制度,也是保障交易安全的重要手段。其早在中古时代的意大利及地中海地区就已经开始出现。而近现代的商事登记制度在1861年《普通德意志商法典》中诞生。我国具有实质意义上的商事登记法的开始是1937年国民政府正式制定了类似于德国和日本的商业登记法。新中国成立后,我国基本形成了较为完整的商事登记法律体系。但随着市场经济的发展及国际形势的变化,愈来愈显示出立法分散,内容重叠矛盾;效率低下,行政机关自由裁量权过大等问题。而我国50多年的企业登记立法经验及登记实践,已为系统化的立法提供了法律实践和立法技术上的基础性条件。当前现代企业制度的初步建立,公司制已成为我国未来企业发展的基本方向。因此,统一《商事登记法》的制订已刻不容缓,也具备了立法的条件。 鉴此,我提出如下立法建议:1、应确立“立足本国、借鉴外国、突出商事主体的共同性,重程序、重高效”的商事登记立法指导思想。2、在立法体例上,系统立法是商事登记立法的唯一选择。3、需进行商事登记的商事主体的范围应为从事商事行为(或称经营活动)的企业,排斥个体工商户。4、审查应采用折衷审查主义。5、商事登记管辖权应相对集中,按法人登记与营业登记划分,省级登记主管机关负责企业法人登记;地(市)级登记主管机关负责营业登记;国家工商行政管理总局负责法律、法规的制订和工作指导,不直接从事登记事务。6、登记主管机关只审核企业名称是否重名,是否有明显不正当竞争或不合时宜的行为,并加强对知名、著名商号、商标的保护,其保护是全行业,跨地区的。对于企业名称近似的争议交由法院来解决,登记主管机关根据法院的裁决行使企业名称的撤销权。7、经过公告的登记事项才具有法律效力。8、明确登记官员对自己的登记事务应承担个人责任。9、应明确商事登记对第三人效力,包括网络登记、电子版营业执照的法律效力问题。10、登记事项可统一规范为:(1)企业名称。(2)组织形式。(3)经营范围。(4)资本额。(5)住所。(6)负责人(法定代表人)。(7)股东或合伙组织者合伙人姓名、住所或居所、出资种类、数额及出资或合伙协议。其他取得商事主体资格的具体条件由商事主体法加以规定。变更、注销登记以及分支机构登记也同理可推。11、应对商事登记档案的分类、内容、保管、灭失及对外使用等做进一步详细规定。12、商事登记时限应缩短为10天为宜。
Specialized Subject:Master of LawResearch Direction :Civil&Commercial lawAuthor:Wei Hao Tutor:Gao Fu PingBusiness registration (Which is called as enterprise registration in China.) is the law system for founding the business subject, and also the important method for security of business transaction. It has existed in Italy and the Mediterranean, early in the medieval times. The 《Germany Business Act》in 1861 was regarded as the birth of business registration in the modern times. The substantive-meaned act of business registration in China was beginning in 1937, which was formulated by the government at that time, similar to the Business Registration Act of Germany and Japan.After the founding of P.R.C, a more completed law system of business registration has been formed basically. But it has gradually showed shortcomings on separated legislation, overlapping content, low efficiency, and administrative organization’s abuse of judicial discretion etc. For the past over 50 years, we have accumulated the experiences and practices of business registration legislation, which has supplied the basic condition of law practice and legislative technology for the systemized legislation in China. The currently beginning of modern enterprise system is leading Chinese company into the corporation system. Since the condition of legislation has matured, it’s really the time to formulate a new, integrated business registration act.According to it, I give my suggestions for the legislation as below:We should make the principle for the business registration legislation, that is: on the base of our nation while using the advanced of foreign countries; stressing the generality of business subjects; paying more attention on procedure and efficiency.For the legislation stylistics, systemized legislation should be the mono choice of business registration legislation.Subjects that should be registered will include all enterprises or corporations with business operation, but the self-employed will be the exception.The compromised method of Eclectic Examination Doctrine should be used.Business registration jurisdiction should be centralized relatively, and be classified as registration of Artificial Person and Operation. Registry office of Province will be in charge of the artificial person registration, while that of city in charge of the operation registration. The general bureau of China takes the job of formulating laws and regulations, helping them to be implemented, and usually does not do registry affairs directly.What registry office concerns is that if the name of company has been used, or related to the behaviors of unfair competition and illegality. Another concerning is to enhance the prevention on the famous business establishment and trademarks, and the prevention should cover the whole industry and the whole region. For the dispute of familiar names used by two or more companies, which should be solved by law court, the registry office carries out the right of revocation according to the adjudicating of court.The registration results will be legally valid only after it has been announced in public.It should be clear that the registry officers must take the responsibility for their registry affairs.That legal validity of the third party, including net registry and the E-Certificate, should be definited.That registration items should be unified as ①Name ②Form of organization ③Scope of business ④Amount of capital ⑤Address ⑥Person in charge(Legal representative) ⑦Shareholder or member of partnership’s name, address, investment variety and amount, contract of partnership. Other factors concerned about the qualification of business subjects are regulated by Business Subject Act.That classification, content, impoundment, loss and outside usage of the business registration archives should be ruled in detail.That time limit of business registration should less than ten days.
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