论文标题:《奥兰多》中的双重批判
Double Movements in Orlando
论文作者 郭杨
论文导师 蒋显璟,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 外国语言学与应用语言学
论文单位 对外经济贸易大学,点击次数 147,论文页数 78页File Size166k
2003-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_3600567/ 性别，性别歧视，女性主义
Sexism, gender, feminism
这篇论文从女性主义角度对吴尔夫的小说《奥兰多》进行了评论。这篇小说的论题是在吴尔夫的小说《奥兰多》中，主人公奥兰多由男到女的性别转变有利地构成了吴尔夫对性别歧视进行双重批判的角度: 第一个角度是记录奥兰多性别转变后的社会经历. 它鲜明地记录了女性在一个竭力将她塑造成“他者”的社会中与社会力量的抗争. 主人公在30岁时由男变女，具备成人意识，因而对社会强加在女性身上的性别规范感受深刻; 前半生享受男性的优越， 奥兰多对社会否定女性主体地位的性别歧视感受更加强烈。因而，奥兰多的性别转变使得女性与社会的抗争更加激烈和戏剧化。这一部分作者运用了性别构造理论，分析了社会对主人公的性别塑造以及个人主体抵抗外力的自主性。第二个角度是通过变性后雌雄同体，性别摇摆的主人公解构作为父性社会基础的性别双元对立。奥兰多的性别转变促成塑造了这一雌雄同体的人物，对性别双元对立是一个直接的否定和抨击. 这一部分运用了应用解构主义对性别对立进行分析。对性别对立的解构是融入整个论题的一部分，它也构成了对父性社会性别歧视的抨击。该论文共由四章组成。第一章是论文介绍和对吴尔夫的‘奥兰多’文献评论, 突出介绍了以法国女性主义批评为理论基础的评论. 第二章对英美女性主义文学批评和法国女性主义批评进行了比较. 作者表示了立场,并阐明了认为英美女性主义文学批评是更为有效的女性主义批评的原因. 第三章是对 “奥兰多”的 文本分析。对应我在论题中提到的双重批评. 最后是对论文内容的简要总结。
This thesis is a critical study of Virginia Woolf"s novel, Orlando. Though in the recent years there have already been many feminist criticisms on this novel, most of them are based on the critical mode of French feminism, emphasizing the unstableness of text, studying a style of feminine writing or focusing on the fluidity of gender and subject. Such critical reading, I believe, has not brought out fully all the feminist concerns in the novel. It is the aim of this thesis to give a full assessment to Woolf"s Orlando within the framework of Anglo-American feminist criticism.The argument of this thesis is that in Woolf"s novel, Orlando, Woolf"s handling of Orlando"s sex change from male to female facilitates a double movement against sexism: on the one hand, it renders a dramatic record of a woman"s struggling against the social forces that tries to shape her to the Other; on the other hand, it creates an androgynous figure that stands as a direct challenge to the sexism based on false gender assumptions. The first angle renders a direct record of the protagonist"s live experience as a woman following his/her sex change. Becoming a woman at the age of thirty, Orlando bears a critical adult consciousness of the imposing social forces on women; and having occupied a privileged status as a man, Orlando is more acutely aware of the sexism of the society which denies women true life. Orlando"s sex change dramatizes this struggle as it makes the sexism of the society more blatant and the rebellion of the oppressed more strong. For this part social construction theory of gender is used toexamine the social shaping of Orlando"s gender and also the individual choice in resisting the social forces.The second deconstructs the gender binary system, the basis of a patriarchal society, through its androgynous protagonist who constantly breaks gender norms. Orlando"s sex change also facilitates the creation of an androgynous figure who stands as a direct challenge to the sexism based on the gender binary system by broaching the boundaries of genders. Woolf"s design of the sex change plot is a strategy to avoid social censure as in Woolf"s time, such gender-transgressing is still a topic of social taboo. For this section deconstruction is applied as a critique in supporting this point. However deconstruction on gender is integrated into the theme of the novel, constituting an important part in attacking sexism. The author demonstrates that from these two angels Woolf has successfully lashed a protest and attack against the sexism. For the structure of the thesis, the author starts a literature review of critical reception of Woolf"s Orlando, showing the general critical practice with French feminism. In the second chapter, the author provides a comparison of theoretical approaches of Anglo-American feminism and French feminism and an explanation why the author chooses the former as the more promising mode for feminist criticism. The third chapter is devoted to the textual analysis of Orlando, which is divided into two parts: Orlando"s struggle and Orlando"s vacillation. And the thesis ends with a brief conclusion in the end.
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