论文标题:两汉南北朝时期淫祠
On the Crafts of Psychoanalysis in Sons and Lovers and the Rainbow
论文作者 宋燕鹏
论文导师 邢铁；秦进才,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国古代史
论文单位 河北师范大学,点击次数 66,论文页数 33页File Size1617k
2002-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_367662282/ 两汉南北朝;淫祠;民间社会
Han Dynasty to South and North Dynasty;Obsecene folk tempers;Folk society
淫祠是滥设的祠庙。为名山大川，或帝王圣贤立祠，只要立在不恰当的地方或者不在政府的祭典里；以及为生前没有什么功德的人立祠，就是淫祠。淫祠它属于民间信仰的范畴，是民众信仰的客观物质载体。 各种各样的淫祠由民众不同的心理动机建立起来了。这些心理出发点反映了当时民众的一些思维倾向。对失败者的怜悯心理反映了民众对一些没有善终之人的同情，也是体现出民众具有独立的思想意识；对清官的怀念心理反映了当时统治阶层的残暴与下层民众的生活痛苦；对英雄人物的崇拜反映了下层民众对英雄人物所具有的巨大能力的敬仰；对神仙的崇拜则体现了在生活无助的现实中，民众对美好生活的向往，因为神仙具有超凡的法术，可以轻易的实现理想；对恶霸的敬畏心理体现了民众在横行无忌的地方恶势力面前的软弱无力；盲目的从众心理则表现了下层民众的愚昧与落后。这些都是下层民众思想中的主要倾向。 淫祠一直处于静态与动态两种状态中。地域性是淫祠静态的主要表现，多元性与变化性则是淫祠动态的主要方面。淫祠产生在一定的地域内，自然就形成一定的信仰范围。在时间的长河里，会不断的产生新的淫祠。而这些淫祠也会因某种际遇而有地位与信仰程度的变化。所以淫祠是在动态与静态的互相作用下发展着。 淫祠一旦形成，其中神灵就会成为民众祈祷的对象，实际上就成为民众在无助的时候的保护神。这样，大小规模的祭祀活动就会蜂拥而至，对社会财富造成极大的浪费。对淫祠的祭祀也往往成为愉悦自己的方式，娱乐性也体现出来。而政府对淫祠虽然会有不同程度的禁止政策，但是总是在很短的时间内实行，更多的时间或者说是绝大多数时间内淫祠的存在都未有严格的限制。而且淫祠的信仰往往与政府在态度上是不一致的。民众与淫祠神灵的关系仅仅是对其有所求，在有的传说中也体现了对神灵的蔑视。淫祠的日常主持者应该是各种庙祝或庙神巫。但是在某种情况下，地方官的参与也会给予其合法化的地位，这就体现出政府导向与下层民众信仰之间的互动关系。也是统治思想与民众思想之间差异的具体表现之一。 淫祠的神灵已经成为民众的心理需要和精神支柱，成为化解现实生活与理想之间矛盾的精神推动力量，是民众从事现实活动的心理安慰。所以说它体现了下层民众的心理归属感。
The widespread existence of obsecene folk tempers were the general social phynomenon from Han Dynasty to South and North Dynasty.The famous mountains and rivers,or monarchs and sages,if their tempers were found at the wrong place,and weren"t in the name lists of memory ceremony of government,or the dead hadn"t anything of merits and virtues when he lived,and hadn"t anything deserving prasing after he died,under the circumstance,their tempers were the obsecene folk tempers.They belong to the rage of folk belief.They are the substance carrier of folk belief.Obsecene folk tempers of various kinds were found with some intentions.The intentions reflected some ideal intcndency of the people at the time.The intention of having compassion for the be defeated reflected the people"s sympathyfor the man not died a natural death.The intention of cherishing the memory of the honest and upright official reflected the brutal of the ruling class and the pains of the basic level people.The intention of worship for the hero reflected the people"s reverence to the large abilities of hero.The worship for the immortal reflected the people yearned for the glorious life.The tribute and fear intention for the local tyrant reflected the weak and incompetent of the basic level people.The intention of following blindly reflected the ignoranLThose were the chief intentions" tendencise of lower levels people.Obsecene folk tempers were always in the state of the motionlessness and developments.The quality of region was the main appearance of the motionlessness of the obsecene folk tempers.The diversity and the variety were the chief aspect of the obsecene folk tempers" developmens. Obsecene folk tempers emerged in definite area,so they could have definite belief area.Obsecene folk tempers became the objects of people"s praying for.Then,a lot of praying activities would swarm.Those were the wasting for social foutune.Those praying activities also had amusement.But the government sometimes forbid the obsecene folk tempers.Moretime,the obsecene folk tempers" existence hadn"t any limit-The faith wasn"t always consistent with the government"s attitude.That reflected the interaction of the government"s leading and the lower levels people"s faith.In a word,the obsecene folk tempers had become the mental necessity" and spirited pillar.They also become the spirited power of solving the contradiction between the real life and ideal. Obsecene folk tempers became the mental home of the lower levels people.
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