论文标题:二十世纪前期回族与新疆政局的关系
The Relationship between the Hui and Political Situation in Xinjiang in Early 20th Century
论文作者 张静
论文导师 洪涛,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 新疆地方史
论文单位 新疆大学,点击次数 427,论文页数 102页File Size4528k
2003-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_37289877/ 回族;新疆政局;二十世纪前期
The Hui nationality;Political Situation in Xinjiang;Early 20th Century
回族是我国多民族大家庭中的重要组成部分，因新疆地处丝绸之路孔道，徙居新疆的回族历史悠久。自唐、宋以来，回族先民便络绎适居新疆，直至元、明、清，这一过程一直持续不断地进行着。特别是有清一代，随着大量回回民族的迁入，新疆回族人口大幅度上升，最终成为新疆历史上一支庞大的社会力量。当时间迈入20世纪初期时，在这新旧交替、变革迭生的历史时期，回族人民在新疆近现代社会历史中扮演了重要角色。 本文作者在搜集、整理大量原始资料的基础上，对新疆近现代政局的发展、政权的更替及在此过程中回族人民所起的重大作用作了较全面系统的论述。文章以时间为序，共分五部分：第一部分，概括介绍了新疆回族的来源及其在近现代新疆社会中的历史概况；第二部分论述了杨增新执政时期如何利川新疆回队建立并巩固了个人的统治；第三部分为金树仁时期的新疆回族，余树仁由于民族宗教政策的失误，引发了哈密的动乱，但其处理措施更为不当，导致外来势力——甘肃回族军阀马仲英的入新，金树仁在与其夺权的过程中败北；第四部分论述盛世才与马仲英之间的争斗，盛世才在实力不支、取胜无望的景况下引入外力，结束了这场纷争，巩固了自己的政权，马仲英则因失败出走异国他乡；第五部分主要是评价回族人民在近现代新疆的社会历史活动中的作用，包括政治、经济、文化等方面。如上所述，本文五大部分构成一个整体，描绘了变幻风云的新疆近现代历史中回族人民的政治活动。 从总体上来讲，新疆近现代是一个政变迭起、你争我夺、动荡不宁的历史时期，在这一历史时期中，杨增新、金树仁、盛世才如同走马灯一样先后统治着新疆，他们的政权都是在社会大动荡的缝隙中产生的，回族人民自始至终参与其间。回顾这段历史，新疆近现代社会历史中这三位执政者的政权更替都与回族人民的活动紧密地联系在一起，产生这一结果的原因是多方面的，除了外部大环境的影响外，新疆民族、宗教十分复杂，当政者的民族宗教政策在很大程度上影响着这一地区的安定与否；另一方面则是由于回族人民所处的特殊的历史地位和社会地位所决定的。回族是在伊斯兰教传入中国后逐渐产生的，它缺乏本土文化的深厚积淀，形成了敏感的民族特性，又因为在清朝时所受压迫最深，故而其反抗也最烈，富有斗争精神；同时，回族又处于穆斯林文化和汉文化的中介地位，因而回族的许多行为深刻地影响着其它民族，深具影响力。因此，探讨口族与新疆近现代政局发展变化之间的关系，不仅能够丰富回族史和新疆地方史的研究内容，而且有利于总结经验教训，对于新疆的社会稳定、民族团结具有十分重大的意义。 本文在搜集资料方面，查阅了大量的档案、文件、报刊、私人回忆录等资料。档案资料的使用既充实了文章的材料来源，同时又为本文的撰写提供了一些新的史料；撰写私人回忆录的作者大都经历各个历史事件，历史史实感受较深，但囚时间久远，及其个人的立场、观点的不同，因而出入较大，对同一事件的叙述不尽相同。本文还引用了一些外国人的论著、游记，从中可以换一种角度看待近现代新疆历史的发展变化。由于这些资料相互之间存在着一定的差异，这就需要对各个资料进行甄别、比较、前后对比论述，因此，本人在传统史学研究基础上，又运用了对比研究等方法。
The Hui Nationality is a very important part in the extended family of China. For Xinjiang is situated in the passage of Silk Road, the history which the Hui Nationality moved to Xinjiang is longtime. From the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty, the ancestor of the Hui Nationality had begun to move into Xinjiang in an endless stream till the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, the population of Hui Nationality in Xinjiang increased greatly. At last, it became a great social force in Xinjiang history. In the early days of the 20th century , which was a historical period of the transition from the old to the new and was full of social changes, the people of the Hui Nationality played an important role.Based on a large number of first-hand materials, this paper expounds the Hui Nationality"s sigaificant effect on political power transition in the Xinjiang modern history. According to the time order, it consists of five parts. Namely, the first part briefly introduces the source of the Hui Nationality in Xinjiang and its general situation in Xinjiang modern history;.The second part discusses how did Yang Zengxin use the army of the Hui Nationality to build and strengthen his personal rule;.The third part refers to the Xinjiang Hui Nationality in the period of Jin Shuren"s regime. The faults in policy towards nationalities caused the turmoil in Hami, what"s more, his improper measures led to outside force that was Ma Zhongying in Gan Su, a Hui Nationality warlord. Jin Shuren faild in this battle. The fourth part expatiates on the fight between Sheng Shicai and Ma Zhongying. Because of depending on the outside force, Sheng Shicai won the war and intensified-his power. Whereas, Ma Zhongying had to leave for foreign country. The last part mainly evaluates the Hui Nationality"s action in Xinjiang modemhistory, including the aspects of politics, economy, culture and so on. As stated above, this five parts constitute an entirety in which it portrays the Hui Nationality"s political activities in Xinjiang modern history that was full of changes and struggles. As a whole, Xinjiang modern history is a life-and-death, turbulent period. In this time, Yang, Jin, Sheng dominated Xinjiang successively. Their authorities were produced in the crevice of social turbulence and the Hui Nationality participated in it from beginning to end. Reviewing the past, the transition of regime related with the Hui Nationality"s activities in Xinjiang modern history tightly. There are several reasons. For one thing, except for the influence of the outside circumstances, because of complicated religion and nationalities in Xinjiang, the rulers" policies towards nationalities will affect the stability of this area. For another, the result was determined by the Hui Nationality"s special status. The Hui Nationality was produced gradually after Islam had permeated into China. It lacked the deep foundation of native civilization. So it brought up the sensitive national character. In addition, the Hui Nationality suffered the deepest repress during the Qing Dynasty, thus they were full of struggling consciousness. At the same time, the Hui Nationality was in the intermediary between Islamic civilization and Han civilization. As a result, some Hui Nationality"s activities deeply affected other nationalities.For this reason, to inquire into the relation between the Hui Nationality and the development of political situation in Xinjiang modern history not only enriches the research on the Hui Nationality and Xinjiang history, but also benefits to sum up experiences and lessons. Meanwhile, it has a great significance to the stability of social order and national unity in Xinjiang.I look up a lot of dossiers, documents, periodicals, private memoirs etc. Using dossiers not only enrich the source of reference materials, but also supply some newhistorical data for writing. The most of writer of the private memoirs went though various events so they had deeper experiences about historical facts. But it"
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