论文标题:《红楼梦》词汇在现代汉语中的变化考察
Research on the Evolution of the Words of the Dream of Red Mansions in Modern Chinese
论文作者 王向阳
论文导师 郭伏良,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 汉语言文字学
论文单位 河北大学,点击次数 210,论文页数 63页File Size2791k
2005-03-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_3731322/ 红楼梦;现代汉语;词汇;词形;词义;义位
the Dream of Red Mansions; modern Chinese; words; word form: word meaning; glosseme
《红楼梦》语言是十八世纪汉民族共同语的典范。二百多年前的《红楼梦》词汇与现代汉语词汇在很多方面存在着细微而又不容忽视的差异。本文试从词的消亡、词形的变化、词义的演变三个方面对其在现代汉语中的变化作了初步的分析考察。词的消亡(只包括双音词)从原因上看,主要有“自然消亡”、“替代消亡”、“分化消亡”三种情况。词形的变化主要有音节数的变化、语素序的变化、词形可析性的变化三种表现形式。词义演变方面,本文以义位为单位进行考察,分别从理性义的演变和色彩义的变化两个方面做了翔实的例证说明。通过这三个方面的考察,不仅可以从中汲取一些有价值的词汇现象,为汉语词汇史的研究提供一点参考资料,而且也能看出,《红楼梦》词汇与现代汉语词汇在一般词汇的构成,许多常用词的词形、词义几方面都存在一定的差异,这些差异的描写有助于我们认识《红楼梦》语言的某些特点。此外,通过这些词汇各种变化情况的总结,可以从中观察到汉语词汇在近二百年来的一些发展演变线索,如词形由不稳定到比较稳定、词义由具体转为抽象、词性由动词转为名词、语体色彩由口语色彩转为书面语色彩等等,这些历史演变规律的探讨,对我们正确认识和掌握现代汉语词汇体系大有裨益。
The language of the Dream of Red Mansions is the model of the common language of Chinese in the 18~(th) century. The words of the Dream of Red Mansions, which exists two hundred years before, has lots of subtle differences but can hardly ignored with that of modern Chinese. This paper tries to analyze elementarily the differences from the three respects of the disappearance of words, the change of word forms, and the evolution of word meanings. The reason of the disappearance of words, disyllables only, mainly lie in "the spontaneous disappearance", "the substituted disappearance", and "the split disappearance". The change of word forms mainly include the change of the amount of syllables, the change of the order of morphemes, and the change of the analysing of morphology. As to the evolution of word meanings, this paper tries to set glosseme as a unit, illustrate with full and accurate examples on the aspects of evolution of conceptual meaning and change of coloring meaning. From this three aspects,we can see that some valuable vocabulary phenomena can provide references to the study of the vocabulary history of Chinese, and can find out that the words in the Dream of Red Mansions do has some differences with that of modern Chinese on the composing of generic words, the form and the meaning of some usual words.The description of these differences contributes to acquaint with us some characteristics of language of the Dream of Red Mansions. In addition, from the summarization of the various changes of words, the development rule of the Chinese words in the recent two hundred years can be observed, such as the word form from instable to comparatively stable, the word meaning from concrete to abstract, part of speech from verb to noun, type of expression from colloquial to written, and so on. The discussion on the evolvement rules is profitable for us to exactly understand and master the modern Chinese word system.
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