论文标题:论民事执行救济制度
Protecting Consumer is the Core Goal of Competition Law
论文作者 沈强
论文导师 牟逍媛,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 诉讼法学
论文单位 华东政法学院,点击次数 82,论文页数 42页File Size350k
2004-10-30论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_375299132/ 民事执行; 执行救济 ;救济制度
civil execution ; execution remedy ;remedy system
民事强制执行是当事人借助国家公权力实现其经法律确认的私法上的权利义务关系而形成的制度。当执行机关或执行人员在行使这种公权力时,因为现有的执行机制的缺陷以及其他各种主客观原因而引起执行错误或执行不当,对执行当事人或利害关系人的合法权益造成损害时,就需要对此侵害进行补救。这就需要设立和完善相应的执行救济制度,通过对违法执行和不当执行行为进行矫正,对出现的后果予以程序上和实体上的救济,以实现私权的保护。本文阐述了执行救济的涵义和分类,根据执行救济内容的不同,可以将执行救济的方法分为程序上的救济和实体上的执行救济等。笔者纵观英、美、德、日等国及我国台湾地区执行救济制度立法例,并对英美法系与大陆法系这两大法系的民事执行救济制度进行了比较,希望能够借鉴他们的先进立法经验。民事执行救济主要方法主要有程序上的执行救济、实体上的执行救济、执行回转和司法赔偿四种。民事执行救济的主要程序包含声请或声明异议的程序、异议之诉的程序、执行回转的程序和司法赔偿的程序。我国民事执行救济制度在立法上存在以下的缺陷:缺乏程序上的救济方法、对债务人实体权利没有救济的方法以及对第三人实体权利保护不完善。笔者又从权力来源、人员和组织机构、制度实践以及案件客观需求和人们观念等四方面客观地分析了完善我国民事执行救济制度的现实基础,进一步提出建立和完善我国民事执行救济制度的具体构想:一是建立包括请求作为和不作为的制度、声明异议的制度、裁定复议制度等程序上的救济制度。二是通过建立债务人异议之诉和第三人异议之诉的制度来完善当事人和利害关系人的实体权利救济制度。三是确定实施执行救济的组织机构。在执行理论和实践日益成熟的今天,通过立法建立完整的执行救济制度已经具备了其可能性和可行性。只有建立完整的执行救济制度,才能对违法执行和不当执行行为进行矫正,对出现的后果予以程序上和实体上的救济,从而真正实现私权的保护。
Civil execution is the system that the parties realize private law relation of right and obligation confirmed by law in virtue of public right. Because of the limitation of execution system in existence and error or improper execution owing to other kinds of subjective or impersonal reasons, when executing organ or operational staff execute the public right ,that will do harm to legal rights and interests of parties or others who need remedy. So we should set up and consummate execution remedy system. By rectification of error or improper execution we offer procedure and entitative remedy in order to protect private right.The article shows the meaning and sorts of execution remedy. Execution remedy includes procedure and entitative remedy etc. In order to use foreign legislation experience for reference ,we compared civil execution of common law system with that of civil law system based on the legislation in England, America, German, Janpan and Taiwan.The ways of civil execution includes procedure execution remedy, entitative execution remedy, turning round of execution and judicial compensation. There are limitations in our civil execution system. It lacks in procedure execution remedy, entitative execution remedy to the obligor and the protection of entitative right of third party.We analysed realistic foundation from the sides of power origin ,person and organization,system practice , idea of the people and increasing amount of the case.We suggest that we should set up and consummate our civil execution system. First is to set up the system of procedure execution remedy about request, dissent and appeal.Second is to set up the system of entitative execution remedy in objection action of the obligor and the third party.Third is to choose appropriate execution organ.The theory and practice of civil execution has developed.It is possible and feasible to set up and consummate the system of civil execution by legislation.By the system of civil execution we can offer procedure execution remedy and entitative execution remedy to protect the private right.
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