论文标题:自行车测试车研制及踏蹬技术诊断分析系统软件的开发
Manufacture of Bicycle Vehicle on Testing and Its Diagnostic Software on Pedalling Technique
论文作者
论文导师 金季春,论文学位 博士,论文专业 运动人体科学
论文单位 北京体育大学,点击次数 226,论文页数 99页File Size4656K
2005-05-18论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_3773012/
Manufacture of Bicycle Vehicle;;seat angle;;seat high;;the best saddle orientation;;pedalling techniques;;Diagnostic Software
为了提高自行车训练的科学性,需对运动员个体技术特征进行监控、测试与反馈,而我国正缺少这种监控手段和方法。为此,本研究根据当前自行车训练的要求研制出一辆测试车,通过改变坐角、坐高获得九种组合位置,选择了5名自行车运动员和6名一般骑车人作研究对象进行技术分析,并对自行车运动员的“赛车定位”单独进行“诊断”,从中发现了某些技术规律,提出了一些可供评价踏蹬技术好坏的指标及对自行车运动训练有益的建议,开发出一套集数据采集、处理、存贮和回放一体化的踏蹬技术诊断系统软件,基本上为实现“自行车适合于人”的理念迈出了重要一步,为今后进一步探索骑行技术和及时反馈、监控训练过程打下了基础。得到了如下结果: (1)实验确证了恢复阶段驱动时相段的存在。但对踏蹬处于恢复阶段中的技术本质提出了新的认识,认为有效的骑车技术,提拉踏板技术并不是为了产生驱动力,而是确保下肢环节链稳定快速的跨越上下死点区域的需要。在高功率输出下,前蹬阶段增加峰力矩比恢复阶段减小负力矩对增加功率输出肩负更多的责任。 (2)实验确证了两个理论推导的正确性。其一是恢复阶段的曲柄角速度应适当高于前蹬;其二是膝、踝关节轨迹的理论论证与实际结果的一致性。 (3)为本实验的两类受试者的车坐确定了基本的定位范围。自行车运动员坐角选择应大于72。,坐高的选择应大于或等于106%TH;对娱乐性健身选手,72。坐角、101%TH坐高是较佳的车坐定位标准。 (4)初步确定了用于踏蹬技术诊断分析的五种评价指标:其一是踏蹬过程中提拉阶段的曲柄角速度应适当高于前蹬。其二是不同组合下踏蹬时,上、下死点区域的大小。其三是不同组合下前蹬阶段的平均作用效率。其四是膝、踝关节中心轨迹的重叠程度、光滑程度、对称性与非对称性。其五是踏蹬过程中左右两腿用力是否均匀。 (5)实验中有两大发现:其一是发现运动员在踏蹬过程中大腿角屈伸范围的基本恒定性,因而提出了提高自行车运动员髋关节伸展功率力量训练方法—即力量训练应控制大腿屈伸角的范围在30。—85。间。其二发现自行车运动员“大腿长与有效小腿长的比率”是影响骑行的重要“因子”之一,这对自行车运动员选材有重要参考意义。 (6)研究开发出一套踏蹬技术诊断分析系统软件,可同步测取运动员踏蹬过程中任意踏蹬瞬间下肢环节及曲柄的运动学参数及脚蹬、车坐、手把三处的动力学参数,并能将所测取的力值与相关的夹角,通过相关软件获取作用于脚蹬上的有用力和效率指数。软件能实现一般水平与高水平以及高水平运动员之间图像及参数间的对比,以及时寻找踏蹬技术中的个别差异,对提高我国自行车运动竞技水平大有裨益。
To advance the science of bicycle training ,it is necessary to supervise,test and feedback the athlete’s individual techniques. In defect of such an controlling instrument and method in our country ,therefore, a testing bicycle has been developed in this experimentation according to the demands of current bicycle training .5 sporters of bicycle and 6 pastime bicyclers were tested and their techniques were analysed .especially ,the saddle orientation of racing bicycle were diagnosed solely for the athletes participating in the this test.This study found some disciplinarians ,Provided some indexes on how to analyze shortcoming and merit about pedalling techniques and some beneficial suggestions for training,built up a set of software integrated with collecting data,processing, storing and rewinding.An important step was strided on Bicycle For Human Being and a base was underlayed for exploring ,feedback and supervising the techniques of riding on bicycle in the future.conclusions as follows: (1)The existence on the driving phase in the recovery course has been corroborated. however,a new cognition was put forward about the technical essence of pedaling, which thinks that the effective pedaling techniques isnnt for producing driving force but for ensuring the need of Tache chain of lower limbs spanning TDC rapidly and steadily in the course of recovery phase.The study thinks that increasing positive moment during the driving phase takes on more responsibility than decreasing negative moment in the recovery phase especially in the condition of high-power output. (2)The study approved the validity of two theories.The first is the angular velocity 0f crank in the recovery phase should bigger than driving phase ones, the second is the consistency on the theoretic analysis of knee and ankle joint tracks and practical results (3)Saddle orienting scope for the objects participating this experiment were conformed primarily ,namely Seat angle should be >72。and seat height be≥106%TH for the bicycle- athlete and 72。Seat angle and 101%TH be considered the better orientation for recreation bicyclers. (4)Five indexes using in diagnosis for pedalling techniques were decided .The first is the angular velocity 0f crank in the recovery phase should bigger than driving phase ones.The second is the scopes of TDC in the different combinations.The third is the average efficiency of the driving phase during the different combinations.The fourth is overlapping degree ,lubricous degree, symmetry and unsymmetry of knee and ankle joint track.The fifth is the equilibrium in strength of the left and right leg in the course of pedaling. (5)There are two discoveries in the experiment. One is invariablenes basically about bending and extending scope of thigh angle during the pedaling which tells us the strength training method of improving stretching power of coax joint related to bicycle athletes, namely bending and stretching angle Of thigh must be controlled in 30。-85。while Pursuing strength training.The other is the rate between thigh length and effective calf length is one of the important factors influencing bicycling which can provide important references for selecting the bike sporters. (6)The study built a set of diagnostic software on pedalling technique, which can obtain Synchronously kinematic parameters of lower limbs taches and kinetic parameters of pedal, handle and saddle at any moment during the pedaling.Then, kinetic parameters Were combined with related to angle which shall produce effective force and efficient index through related to software. Diagnostic software can achieve the Comparison Of pictures and characters between the general and high-grade athletes and among the outstanding athletes so as to search individual differences in pedaling techniques ,which will bring many benefits for advancing the competitive bicycle.
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