论文标题:法理社会的主体精神问题研究
Research about Principle Spirits Problems in Law-based Society
论文作者
论文导师 龚建萍,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育
论文单位 华东师范大学,点击次数 585,论文页数 43页File Size2467K
2005-09-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_3784382/
law-based society ; Principle Spirits ; ethics spirits; modern legel system ;citizen consciousness
党的十五大已吹响了“依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家”的号角，但在中国这样一个有着两千多年封建历史，而且传统伦理精神根深蒂固的古老国度能否建成法治社会?不少学者对此持怀疑态度，有的学者甚至断言中国过去是伦理社会，现在是伦理社会，即使将来她发展了，现代化了，仍然是伦理社会。为此，有的学者强烈呼吁在中国现代化进程中回归自身传统文化精神。我们同意中国传统社会是伦理社会(礼俗社会)的判断，也同意直到目前我国的社会主体精神结构主要是伦理精神的观点，但并不同意这种精神符合中国现代化的宗旨，更不同意中国应回归传统伦理精神。我们认为：中国传统伦理精神主要体现在血缘本位、自然等级和社会渗透。这种伦理精神在今天仍有其积极的意义，特别是对维系中华民族精诚团结有重要作用，但对于正在走向现代化，实现依法治国方略的中国，传统伦理精神，特别是居于主导地位的儒家伦理与现代化和现代法制更多的是有着矛盾和冲突。如贤人政治与法治政治的冲突、圣人规则与常人规则的冲突、等级(身份)制度与平等(契约)制度的冲突、义务本位与权利本位等。所以要建设法治社会，必须使伦理精神转换为法理精神，这种法理精神要求以人文精神取代神文(神权)精神，以平等精神取代等级精神，以自由精神取代奴役精神，以契约精神取代身份精神，以理性精神取代任性精神等。总之，现代法制社会要求以弹性为特征的重感情的内心操作的伦理精神向以刚性为特征的重理性的行为操作的法治精神的转化。这种法治化的价值取向既有客观需求性，也有现实可能性。中华民族所进行的经济市场化、政治民主化和精神文明化的伟大抉择使这一转型的社会需求日见彰著，也使法治精神具有实现的可能性。但是要把这种可能变为现实，还有很长的路要走。中国法治进程中政府权威推进必然带来的政府拯救意识与法治所包含的主体自治要求产生冲突，只有主体普遍的自主自救意识和自救型人格的确立，才能为实现法治铺垫浓厚的精神文化基础。为了形成这种普遍的自主自救意识和自救型人格，中国在实现经济、政治现代化的过程中要特别注重建构与传统伦理精神不同的法治精神。在这方面，应着重培养法律主体的现代公民意识。公民意识作为对公民角色及其理想价值的自觉反映，在本质上必然呈现为与民主政治和市场经济相适应的自由追求合理性自律精神，并表现为合理性意识、合法性意识和积极守法精神的三元构成。从而构筑了社会成员对国家制度和法律制度正当性、合理性进行评判和选择的价值原则和基准。同时，公民意识对现代法治还具有任何社会制度所不能替代的引导功能、藕和功能和反思功能。而公民意识的构建是一项庞大的社会工程。随着社会主义市场经济和民主政治的发展，中国人的法律意识已经发生了深刻的变化，法律意识的现代化水平有了大幅度的提高；但另一方面，与社会整体系统的转型过程相适用，法律意识也呈现出转型时期的特点，具有深刻的矛盾性和变动性。因之，要实实现法律意识现代化的战略目标，在当代中国的时代条件下，必须全面推进社会整体系统的现代化，特别是要大力进行社会主义市场经济和民主政治建设，为现代化的法律意识的形成和发展奠定坚实的社会经济和政治基础。具体地说，现代化公民法律意识的之实现，必须积极推进社会主义法制改革，建立完备的社会主义法律体系，提高法律在实际生活中的实现效益，为现代公民法律意识之形成和发展提供必要的法律制度条件。
The 15 of party has been blown have sounded , the bugle of " run the country according to law , build socialist country governed by law, " but in China such one have the feudal history of more than 2000 years, also traditional ethics spirit deep-rooted ancient state whether establish the society of rule by law ? a lot of scholars hold doubt attitude for this, some scholar even assert China is ethics social in the past, is now ethics social, even if will come to her have developed , have modernized , is still ethics social. therefore, some scholar appeal vigorously in Chinese modern process regress self traditional cultural spirit. we agree Chinese traditional society is ethics society( courtesy coarse society) judge , also agree up to the social main spiritual structure of present our country is the viewpoint of ethics spirit mainly, but disagree on this kind of spirit accord with Chinese modern purpose, disagree with China more should regress traditional ethics spirit. we think : Chinese traditional ethics spirit embody mainly in the natural grade and social infiltration and standard of blood relationship. this kind of ethics spirit still have its positive meaning today, have important role especially for the sincerity solidarity of holding together of Chinese nation, but for is moving towards modernization, realize run the country according to law the China of general plan, traditional ethics spirit, is especially on modern legal system and modernization and the ethics of the Confucianist of leading position more is have contradiction and conflict. as the conflict of the worthy politics and politics of rule by law, the conflict of the sage rule and rule of ordinary person and grade( identity) system and equality( contract) right standard etc., duty standard and the conflict of system. Replace wilful spirit with reason spirit, . in a word the, modern social requirement of legal system is the heavy affection of feature with elasticity the ethics spirit of heart operation to is the heavy reason of feature with rigidity the spiritual transformation of rule by law of behavior operation. this kind of rule by law melt worth orientaton have objective demand , also have realistic possibility. Chinese nation carry out economic market melt , political democracy melt melt with spiritual civilization great choice make the social demand of this transition day by day clear compose , also make the spirit of rule by law have the possibility of realization. however want this kind of possibility change for reality, still have very long road will go . the Chinese process of rule by law in government authority carry necessity forward bring government save consciousness and rule by law contain main autonomy requirement produce conflict, have only main part universal act on one"s own get help from within consciousness with get
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