论文标题:新城市贫困群体的边缘化研究
New Urban Poverty on the Edge Research
论文作者
论文导师 慈勤英,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 社会学
论文单位 华中师范大学,点击次数 22,论文页数 43页File Size2751K
2007-12-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_386923062/
Urban Poverty;; Marginalization;; Social transform;; Social reform
随着工业化的进程，城市贫困问题日益凸显出来，我国直至上世纪90年代才开始对城市贫困问题进行研究。随着我国市场的转型和社会的变迁，特殊的时代背景使我国的贫困问题具有了不同的特征，本文是在对中外关于城市贫困的研究进行梳理的基础上，对我国的城市贫困问题进行深入地探讨。文章以城市的一个特殊群体-----新城市贫困群体作为研究对象，以边缘化作为切入点，阐述了新城市贫困群体的特点及其成因。作者认为，新城市贫困群体包括了三个方面的社会属性：他们的社会经济地位非常低下；他们没有改善自身社会经济地位的能力；他们在逐渐地被边缘化，同时，他们的边缘化还有着积累和传承的特征。因此，一些被社会孤立的老年人、残疾人、不具备教育背景的年轻人、长期失业的成年人以及被排斥在城市社会网络之外的农村流动人口等都构成了城市新贫困群体，他们是一个被忽视了的社会群体，他们所拥有的人力资本和社会资源都十分有限，是社会的弱势人群，需要社会给予特别的关注和照顾。新城市贫困群体的形成，与我国的体制改革和社会转型有关，正是在强力的社会结构转型和政策、体制改革过程中，这些人群被从原先的社会位置推离出来，进入了社会边缘地带，成为底层人群，这是边缘化的结果。因此，需要给予他们制度上等多方面的关照，才能使他们从贫穷的困境中摆脱出来。 文章分为五个部分，首先，从文献出发，了解国内外关于贫困的研究状况以及本文研究的意义所在；其次，将边缘化作为研究的切入点，了解我国新城市贫困群体形成的机制以及新城市贫困群体的范畴；第三，文章论述了新城市贫困群体的边缘化表现，他们的边缘化，表现为在社会、经济和政治乃至文化等各个方面占有的资源越来越越少，也越来越不具有相应的影响力，呈现出与社会主流隔离的状态；第四，从有关贫困的理论入手，探讨了新城市贫困群体的成因，作者认为，既有市场的原因，也有制度性因素，还有个人文化的原因；最后，文章提出了改变城市边缘化的对策，文章认为，城市贫困人口的长期存在，势必会导致社会秩序的混乱和失序，影响整个社会的融合。因此，需要从制度的完善、政府的支持以及社会的参与等方面进行各种反贫困战略，才能逐渐地解决我国的城市贫困问题。
Generally speaking, the urban poverty has been more and more explicit in the process of urbanization. But the urban poverty had not been given an important attention until the ninety in the last century in China. Of course, the problem is different in China from other countries because of the dual transition of the market and society happened in the process of the open and reform in China. Here author tries to compare the Chinese urban poverty with the ones in other countries in order to deepen the research of Chinese urban poverty. we define the research subjective as a new group of urban poor who became poor since the open and reform in China. So the lonely olds, the disables, the adults who are in long unemployment and rural floating people are included in this group, because they are in the lowest positions and have not changed for a long time. But the new group of the urban poor has moved down from the middle or higher social positions to the lower ones. Now they have such social attributes: they are in lowest social and economical positions; they are not able to improve their positions by themselves; they are marginalized and their positions are followed by their children and grandchildren and so on. In a short, this group has a limit of social resources and cultural capital. They are damaged by social transition and are pushed from the middle social positions to the lowest ones. But they are not given a important attention by other groups, and so they need more social assistances and helps to shake off poverty . In my opinion, their poverty should be decreased by institutional innovation and social policies. There are altogether five chapters in the dissertation : In chapter 1 , author tries to back to and evaluate the related researches and documents. Chapter 2 focuses on the mechanism how the new group of urban poor become more and more poor, and are be marginalized. Then author continues to analyze the marginalization of their social, cultural and political resources in chapter 3 and give a detailed description of the current urban poverty situations in China. Chapter 4 discusses the reasons that make the group become poor,there are market marginalization, institutional marginalization and individual marginalization that give result in the new urban poor. Chapter 5 serving as a conclusion to the dissertation, 6 conclusions are given out based on the above analysis concerning the urban poverty of China.Here are such following conclusions: firstly, the institutional one has played the most important role in the practice. Secondly, the new urban poverty has been a threat to our social integration and social harmony construction. It is time to decrease the urban poor through institutional improvement, the support of urban governments and social participations.
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