论文标题:分业经营与混业经营：我国银行业经营体制探讨
Economic Analysis on Electronic Commerce
论文作者 周远征
论文导师 袁远福,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 金融学
论文单位 西南财经大学,点击次数 295,论文页数 53页File Size2598k
2001-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_38968847/ 分业经营,混业经营,银行制度
MIXED Banking System, Single Banking System, Banking Management
70年代末80年代初，西方金融业出现了金融创新与金融自由化的浪潮，各国银行业纷纷由分业经营体制向混业经营体制转化，金融领域出现了证券化、自由化和全球一体化的发展趋势。进入90年代，西欧和日本的银行业已经打破传统的界限，混业经营的趋势日益明显。1999年11月，美国《金融服务现代化法案》获得签署，这表明金融分业经营体制的创始人和最主要的追随者最终放弃了这一制度。随着中国加入WTO日程的临近，分业经营与混业经营成为我国金融界的一个热门话题。如何结合我国经济的现实特征，借鉴国外经验作出适当的银行业经营体制安排和选择，在进行选择时，如何处理好现实条件和未来发展的关系，协调好二者之间的矛盾，选择一条最优的制度变迁轨迹和演进道路，国内金融界对此有着不同的认识和看法。本文力图通过对西方各国银行业经营体制变迁的历史沿革、现状和趋势的分析，以及对两种银行业经营体制优缺点的比较，并从我国实际国情出发，提出了在我国现阶段适用分业经营体制，但未来发展趋势是混业经营体制的观点。 全文共分四部分。 第一部分介绍了美国、日本、英国、德国的银行业经营体制的历史演变及特征。对两类典型的银行业经营体制在各国不同时期的变迁过程、原因及特征作了深刻剖析，以便对我国经营体制起到应有的借鉴作用。美国的银行业经营体制的发展历程是混业—分业—混业，特征是从分业经营到混业经营历经了60年的时间，混业经营是通过金融控股公司拥有分别从事不同业务的子公司来实现的；日本的银行业经营体制发展历程也是分业—混业，特征是允许各金融机构跨行业经营各种金融业务，银行可以直接涉足其它金融领域；英国的银行早期实行的是严格的分业经营体制，70年代后顺应潮流实行了混业经营，其模式和美国差不多；德国是采取全能银行体制的主要代表，全能银行体制为该国经济发展作出了巨大的贡献，目前全能银行体制正逐步转变为全球性的多元化金融集团。 第二部分阐述了分业经营与混业经营模式的优缺点，从稳定性、 效率性、现实匹配性和制度变迁轨迹的最优性等四方面对两种分别进 行了比较分析。在一般性分祈中，主要针对两者的稳定性和效率性， 比较各自的优缺点，认为分业经营模式和混业经营模式虽都各有稳定 性和效率性，但也各有弊端。在阶段性分析中，结合不同的经济制度、 经济状况、金融发展状况等现实条件进行分析，认为不同的历史阶段， 不同的国家适合不同的经营体制模式。一般来说，分业经营适合于政 府监管水平不高，金融机构自身的管理水平较低且经济急需发展而经 济结构又严重夫调的国家，分业经营体制与这种经济形态、市场结构、 经济发展阶段相吻合，能达到“帕累托”最优状态，有利于金融体系 的安全和稳定；而混业经营适合于有完善的法规体系、较高的货币政 策制定水平和金融机构自身较高的管理水平的国家，混业经营体制与 这种经济形态、市场结构、经济发展阶段相吻合，能达到“帕累托” 最优状态，有利于金融效率的提高。 第三部分对我国银行业的经营体制作了基本分析。首先，提到我 国关于分业经营与混业经营问题的研究早在80年代中期就己做过大 量理论论证，直到1993年第一次明确提出“分业经营、分业管理”的 原则以及1997年进一步强调这一原则的探索过程。其次，介绍了我国 银行业经营体制的发展历程。1979年以前是“大一统”的银行体制时 期，以后是多种金融机构并存的多元化金融体制时期。在这种体制下， 我国经历了“混业经营”的时代，1993年后逐步进入了分业经营、分 ．业管理体制时期。在这部分的最后，也是重点部分，提出了分业经营 是我国现阶段的现实选择的观点。其原因是：第一、前些年混业经营 积累的风险尚未完全释放。第二、我国当前经济形势和金融环境均适 合分业经营：经济成分多样，产业结构失调；商业银行没有真正按“三 性”原则进行经营：证券业、信托业发展不成熟，风险会传导至银行 体系；央行调控仍以直接调控为主；能防止混业经营“利益冲突”的 弊端。第三、我国当前法律体系、监管体系及内控制度的现状适合分 业经营：金融法律体系不健全；金融监管机构风险控制能力较弱；金 融机构内控制度脆弱，混业经营要求的严格自律制度难以保证。 2】第四部分提出了混业经营模式是我国银行业经营体制的未来发展1 方向。我国走向混业经营的动囚是：世界经济全球化的趋势和参与国］％agMg＆；＄④w B⑤M③，＄＆一8。R＠a《Mgs。8行⑤］Mgf＃grte＋24H＠gh＆｛＋：一M＆hfoft％ffitkA％＆｛4；uff了 银行自身有效的内控约柬机制；三是高水平的金融监管能力。具备。。这些抓，才可以实行混?
The waves of financial freedom swept western banking industry at the end of 70s and the beginning of 80s. All banking institutes had begun their diversifying history from then on and they converted their business module from the single business to the multibusiness. . Their business covered stock share trading. There was a trend of financial freedom and globalization in banking world. The banking institutes in Western Europe and Japan has broken down the traditional barriers for the industry. The trend of diversification could be easily observed. The freedom has proceeded faster than ever before. In November of 1999, the signing of 憈he law on financial service? indicated that pioneers of single-based module and its followers had to disregard this regular. As the proceeding of China joining WTO, to be a single business or multibusinesses has become a hot topic in banking industry in China. How to choose a mechanism adapting some foreign experience to fit in Chinese economic reality? How to manage the tension between the present and future demand? How to select a better evolutionary road? There are huge amount of arguments about those questions in banking industry. This dissertation starts to review the evolutionary history of banking mechanism. The status-qua and trend will also be analyzed. Starting from literature review, the emphasis will be focused on exploring of banking mechanism. In accordance with the status-qua of Chinese banking industry, it will conclude that single business is suitable choice for Chinese banking mechanism at present and multibusinesses will be of future trend This dissertation consists of four parts. The first part introduces evolutionary history of banking industry in USA, Japan, UK and German. It will provide insight into the changing process, drives and characteristics of tow types of banking mechanism. The changing process of American banking mechanism can be described as multibusinesses-single business- multibusiness. It is characterized that it experienced 60 years from single business to multibusiness. Multibusiness was realized by the control of financial holdings over SBU in different industries. The developing history of Japanese banking industry also changed from single business to multibusiness. It was featured with allowing financial institutes to deal with all sorts of financial products in all industries and the direct involvement of banks in other financial fields. In UK, there was a strict rule on single business at early stage. Since 1 970s, multibusinesses of banking institutes emerged and shared the some same characteristics as American. The German bank is all-functional. All-functional banks have contributed a lot to the economic development of the country and are gradually becoming global diversified financial group. The second part will look at advantages and disadvantages of two mechanisms respectively. The comparing analysis comes from stability, efficiency, and matching and best choice of evolutionary track. In general, the analyses will emphasize on stability and efficiency comparing advantages and disadvantage of the two mechanisms. The comparative analysis concludes that each has its own stability and efficiency. In terms of phases, after comparing different economic regulation, economic conditions and the status qua of financial development, it is summed that different countries should have its own operation system. Generally
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