论文标题:《史记》比较句式研究
A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Proverbs (Focusing on some Major Aspects)
论文作者 赵良剑
论文导师 宋子然,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 语言学及应用语言学
论文单位 四川师范大学,点击次数 110,论文页数 62页File Size1655k
2001-04-27论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_390792652/ 《史记》;比较句式;结构;功能
The Historical Records;the sentence patterns of comparison;structure;function
本文以比较词为标准，将《史记》中的比较句概括为四种典型比较句式：“於”字句、“如”字句、“比”字句和“孰与”句，运用形式与意义相结合的方法，进行定量统计和定性分析，以详尽地考察各个比较句式的结构和功能。我们认为：上古汉语“形+於+名”结构能表示引进比较对象、关涉对象和范围，因而是一个歧义结构；“於”在比较句中并非“可用可不用”，其使用并不具有“随意性”；“孰与”式答语对X、Y项的选择有主观倾向性；“於”字句、“不如”句、“孰与”句有明显的积极性特征；比较句的X、Y项常常由于句法类型和语义类型不完全一致，而表现出不对称性特征。总之，本文揭示了上古汉语比较句全貌，有助于进一步揭示比较句的历史演变规律及其动因，有助于人们用系统的观点、发展演变的观点阐发比较句的有关问题。
The author of this thesis summarizes four typical sentence patterns of comparison from The Historical Records by using the comparative words as the standard: the “yu”(“於”)-sentence; the “ru”(“如”)-sentenee; the “bi”(“比”)-sentence and the “shu yu”(“孰与”)-sentence. With the application of the combination of forms and meanings, this thesis counts up its number and analyses its structure to thoroughly describe the structure and function of every comparative sentence in The Historical Records. We can reach the conclusions that “xing+yu+ming”(“形+於+名”)-stucture is an ambiguous stucture in classical Chinese because it can not only lead to comparative objects , but also relation objects and scope objects. “yu”(“於”) is not random in comparative sentence. The answers of “shu yu”(“孰与”)-sentence have subjective tendency to choose the “X”or the “Y” It has obvious positivity in “yu”(“於”)-sentence, “bu ru”(“不如”)-sentence and “shu yu”(“孰与”)-sentence. The syntactic and semantic type of the “X”and the “Y”are usually not identical, thus the comparative sentences show the asymmetry. In brief, this thesis completely discusses the sentence patterns of comparison in classical Chinese, so that it can contribute to furtherly revealing its laws and causes of its historical development, and to exponding the relative problems about the comparative sentences by using viewpoints of system and development.
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