论文标题:陈寅恪的治史方法:以文献材料为中心的考察
Literature-centered Research on History——Chen Yin-que"s Method of History Research
论文作者
论文导师 赵庆伟,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 历史文献学
论文单位 中南民族大学,点击次数 80,论文页数 70页File Size809K
2007-05-25论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_391131857/
Chen Yin-que;; method of history research;; literature
本文在总结前人研究成果的基础上,主要从运用文献材料的角度对陈寅恪先生的治史方法进行了比较全面地考察,揭示了陈先生在看待、处理、运用文献材料方面的独到之处,以期给治史者提供一些有益的启示。 陈寅恪先生治史方法的形成,既受到西方史学特别是兰克史学的直接影响,更是对中国古代优良史学传统的继承和发扬。就后者而言,除了深厚的家学渊源,就是乾嘉史学。陈先生继承了乾嘉学者无征不信的治史传统,注重对史料的考证,但又不以考据为目的,而是从宏观出发,微观入手,既重视分析,更注意综合,故其成就能较乾嘉诸老更上一层。这一点,充分体现在他对宋贤长编考异之法创造性运用上。 考察陈先生的史学研究实践,我们不难发现其治史方法的特点。这首先体现在陈先生具有时人罕能与匹的学术素养和广阔的视野,能高瞻远瞩,预中西学术之新潮流,注重运用新材料,研求新问题,且取得了异常丰硕的成果。其次,还在于他面对浩如烟海的史料,能神游冥想,进行多方考证,于常见史料中发千年之覆,对史料创造性地运用。再次,在于他能不囿于现有的史料,大胆开拓史料区宇,继往开来,把以诗证史和小说证史等方法发挥得淋漓尽致,达到了前所未有的境界。 总的来说,陈先生治史中极其重视史料的作用,取材广泛,言必有据,且毫不囿于文献材料的国别之分、古今之分、文史之分,凡是有助于历史研究,他就拿来进行考察。同时,他还十分重视中外一些研治文献的方法,无论是中国传统的考据方法,还是西方实证方法,皆纳入了他的学术视野。正是这种海纳百川的气概,成就了他作为伟大史学家的地位,使得众多的治史者前赴后继追寻其足迹,将他的精神进一步发扬光大。
Based on the achievement of forefathers’research, this article does overall research into the utilization of literature on Chen Yin-que"s methods of history. It reveals Mr. Chen’s original view in terms of treating, managing and applying literature, hoping to offer beneficial enlightenment to the men studying history. The formation of Mr. Chen Yin-que"s method of researching history was directly influenced by western historiography, especially by Ranke’s historiography. At the same time, it also carried forward Chinese ancient fine historical tradition. In respect of the latter, besides solid family origin, it was influenced by the historiography of Qian-jia periods. Mr. Chen carried forward the practical and realistic historical tradition of scholars of Qian-jia periods and pay special attention to textual criticism of historical materials. What has to be mentioned is that his purpose was no just to textual criticize, but to analyze and synthesize historical materials in macroscopic and microcosmic view. Therefore, his achievement was much greater than the forefathers of Qian-jia periods and this has been precipitated in his creative utilization of historical research approaches of Song-dynasty’s historiographer. It is not difficult to find out Mr. Chen’s feature of historical methods when we research his historiography practice. Firstly, not only had he a unique academic attainment and extensive horizon, which could show great foresight and stand on the Chinese and Western academic trend, but also he set his sight on the utilization of new materials and the study of new problems, which had great successes. Secondly, confronting tremendous historical materials, he could meditate as if he were visiting a place and carry on various textual criticisms, which made him gain new ideas through creatively utilizing common materials. Furthermore, he wasn’t limited to materials available, but made a bold exploration in them. At the same time, on the base of past achievements, he researched history by the method of looking on poems and novels as historical materials, which is unprecedented. In a word, Mr. Chen paid more attention to the role of historical materials in his history research work, drew materials widely, depended on reliable evidence and wasn’t constrained by the distinction between Chinese and foreign or ancient and modern historical materials. He always made a textual criticism on any historical study and valued some Chinese and foreign methods of researching literature such as Chinese traditional textual criticism and western Positivism, which was brought into his academic attainment. Due to the magnanimous mettle, his position as a great historian has been established. Lots of men studying history are following his trace continuously. And his spirit is being carried forward and developed further.
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