论文标题:现代中国文学疾病叙事研究
论文作者
论文导师 王万森,论文学位 博士,论文专业 中国现当代文学
论文单位 山东师范大学,点击次数 225,论文页数 189页File Size1965K
2007-04-20论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_39141292/
Modern China Literature; Disease Poetics; Disease Narration
现代中国文学疾病叙事是指现代中国文学作品中关于疾病和疾病故事的讲述、表达、展现的叙事。本文致力于将疾病叙事置放于现代中国文学语境中考察其独特的文学价值和诗学意义。论文主要以文学与医学、现代中国文学语境、文化诗学三个维度作为主体构架,从疾病叙事的生成、主题、形象、文体、美学五个方面进行多角度多层面的研究。其中,现代性语境作为现代中国文学语境的重要组成部分是疾病叙事发生的贯穿性社会条件和发生语境。 疾病叙事的生成研究从苦闷的象征、文学与治疗、医学与文学三个层面解析疾病叙事的发生动因。苦闷的象征一节指出文学是人间苦闷的象征。而疾病之苦是人间苦闷的集大成者,它是文学艺术发生的重要前提。病患体验或器官缺陷在带给创作主体强烈自卑的同时,也赋予他们超人的艺术创造力。文学与治疗一节指出文学具有治疗功能是疾病叙事产生的重要原因。它的原理在于以文字和文学来实现对病患创作主体的创伤和疾病治疗。医学与文学一节指出自古以来中国文学与医学联姻互融关系的事实。在中国古代文学中,文学家与医学家交往密切。文学家精通医学知识,医学家著有文学作品,形成古代医儒不分家的医文互融局面。医学对文学的渗透使得古代文学中出现了大量的涉医文学,如药名文学、咏病诗等。在现代中国文学史中,医学与文学的关系表现为出现了很多具有医学背景或有从医经历的文学家。弃医从文的故事是现代中国文学史的重要现象。医文互融的历史背景为现代中国文学疾病叙事的生成提供了论说的前提。 疾病叙事的主题研究指依附在疾病叙事肌体上的社会主题、生命主题、爱的主题、主题隐喻等。社会主题包含药的主题、异化主题、权力主题、灾难主题、人性主题。生命主题指出生命意识、生命困境、死亡主题三个层面表现了疾病叙事蕴涵的终极关怀和人本关爱内涵。爱的主题包含爱情主题和母爱主题。爱情主题指出疾病是爱情故事的重要背景,如霍乱与爱情、相思病与爱情、肺结核与爱情、非典与爱情等。母爱主题指出病孩母亲形象表现了母爱的伟大和重要。疾病叙事形成了独具特色的主题隐喻和意象。主题隐喻是指现身于文学中的疾病被附加了道德和文化的诸多隐喻。主题意象是指疾病叙事的独特意象,如“血馒头”、“红处方”、“血玲珑”等意象都是主题负载的重要符码。 疾病叙事的形象研究主要研究病人形象和医生形象两大类形象。病人形象包含痴愚形象和疯狂形象。痴愚形象的繁荣与中国文化中的痴愚故事和传统、文化氛围的演变、现代性的重提和凡俗化、审丑思潮等有着密切的关系,同时它也是映照人性裸呈丑相镜像的重要工具。疯狂形象包含疯狂男性形象和疯狂女性形象。现代文学中的疯狂形象更多地与革命战争、阶级斗争等社会问题有关,新时期文学中的疯狂男性形象主要源于历史与政治的超重肩负,而女性的疯狂更多地与爱的缺失与恶男的欺侮相关。医生形象在中国文学的历时演变中发生了重大变化。古代文学中的医生形象是清一色的中医形象,是善恶可辨的普通人物形象和文学符号。而在现代文学中,医生形象变成了一个凝聚着现代性矛盾的集合体形象,它从普通形象变身为文化和文学主题高度聚焦的特殊形象。医生形象不再由单纯的中医充任,而是分裂成中医和西医两大门类。中医是落后的中国传统文化的象征,西医则是先进的西方文明的象征。在当代文学中,医生形象重新从历史舞台的主题聚焦点走向了日常生活,由主题统一的集群形象走向主题分散的多元形象。 疾病叙事的文体研究主要从文体学的角度探讨疾病叙事作品的文体特征和意义。本章主要从疾病叙事的叙述视角、文体形态、修辞技巧、文体风格四个层面进行考察。疾病叙事叙述视角中的病人视角具有较高的诗学价值。其中,精神病视角更是社会文化批判和诗学品格提升的重要工具。疾病叙事的文体形态主要指疾病叙事独特的文体结构与叙事形态,它包含疾病志、药方体、病人日记体、病房写作体四种文体形式。疾病志是病人或病人亲友所做的患病叙述的文体形式。药方体是五四启蒙知识分子笔下疾病叙事的重要文体形式。病人日记体是指以病人日记的形式展开故事的文体形式。病房写作是在病房中写作和讲述病房故事的文体形式。疾病叙事的修辞技巧则从陌生化修辞、反讽修辞、隐喻修辞、疯癫修辞、医事修辞等五个方面考察。陌生化修辞主要体现为叙述视角的陌生化和叙述语言的陌生化。反讽修辞主要在正常与反常之间,在健全与病态之间,在真善美与假恶丑之间构建反讽的大本营,同时借助双重叙述与不可靠叙述建构反讽。隐喻修辞是提升文学作品诗性品格的重要工具,它使得疾病叙事成为一个富含滋味的审美客体。疯癫修辞主要体现为疯癫形象与疯癫话语两方面。疯癫修辞的形成与运用与现实社会的文化积淀和文化心理有着密切的联系。现实生活中的佯狂机变为文学中的疯癫修辞提供了重要的文化前提。在人类的文化想象和审美心理中,疯癫者发出的疯言疯语往往是真理的代名词。医事修辞主要指医生作家的重要文体修辞技巧。它既包含具有强烈医学色彩的比喻、拟人等微观修辞技巧,也包含叙述话语、叙述眼光等宏观修辞技巧。疾病叙事的文体风格主要以病患作家和医生作家为例进行考察,指出它主要表现为沉郁、崇高、病幻、冷静四种风格。 疾病叙事的美学研究致力于研究疾病叙事的独特美学价值。疾病叙事的独特美学价值表现为两个层面,即疾病叙事美学形态和疾病叙事审美心理。具体来看,疾病叙事的美学形态包含肺结核美学、境界线美学、怪诞美学、悲剧美学。肺结核美学是由文学中的肺结核叙事统领的一种疾病美学,它主要指疾病叙事中肺结核人物形象的独特美学价值。现代文学中有大量的肺结核意象和肺结核病人形象,它们是肺结核美学构成的基础和前提。境界线美学是介于正常与非正常之间的精神病艺术家的艺术作品所呈现出来的独特的美学风格。论文主要从精神病人形象蕴涵的独特美学价值及其导致的奇特审美心理进行考察。疾病叙事的怪诞美学主要体现于怪诞病体上。疾病导致人体身心变异变形,丑陋无比。怪诞人体包括畸形人体、残疾人体、病态人体等。怪诞美学的独特价值在于引发读者强烈的情感冲击、惊骇震撼、铭刻记忆等审美体验。悲剧美学是指读者在欣赏疾病叙事作品之际,其阅读心理经历了从镜像认同到悲剧欣赏的过程。同时,读者与主人公的审美距离既有亲近性,又保持了距离性。这让读者在欣赏疾病叙事悲剧故事时能够体验到悲剧快感,也体会到强烈的情绪冒险和情感净化。 疾病叙事的生成、主题、形象、文体、美学构成了疾病叙事的诗学框架。疾病叙事构成了文学家族的重要成员,疾病诗学则为文学研究提供了新颖的视角。
Disease narration is the narration about disease and its story in modern Chinese literature. My paper will put disease narration in modern Chinese literature context and study its literature value and poetics meaning.The paper take literature and medicine、modern Chinese literature context、culture poetics three dimensions as main framework. And carry out my research from generating、topic、character、style、aesthetics of disease narration. Among which, modernity context who is one part of modern Chinese literature context is the important perfoliate social condition and generating context. Disease narration’s generating conclude symbol of anguish、literature and treatment、literature and medicine three aspects.Symbol of anguish point out literature is the symbol of anguish. While anguish of disease is the colletion, And it is the important premise of the generating of literature.Disease experience and physical deformity make writers get superman creativity when they encounter self-abasement. Literature and treatment point out the function of literature is the important reason of the generating of disease narration.and its theory is curing the disease or hurt of wrters by word and litetature. Literature and medicine point out chinese literature and medicine have had long and close relation.In ancient literature,writers and doctors had good friendship.In other word,writers had abound medicine knowledge and doctors had abound literature knowledge.As the result,in ancient literature,there were lots of medicine literature work,such as dilantin literature、intonating poem and so on.In modern Chinese literature, there were many doctors writers.The fact of the change from doctor to writer is a distinct phenomenon and special topic.The background of the intimate relationship of literature and medicine offer the important promise for the generating of disease narration. Disease narration’s topic contain society topic、life topic、love topic etc. Society topic mainly study medicine topic、dissimilation topic、power topic、disaster topic、humanity topic. Life topic give life ultimate care and love from life sense、life dilemma、death topic.Love topic point out disease have had deep affection on love story in literature.for example, cholera and love、lovesick and love、SARS and love.Mother love indicates its greatness and importance by the character of sickchild’s mother.While, disease narration has its own topic metaphor and imago.The topic metaphor means that the disease in literature is related to morality and culture.Topic imago means that disease narration has unique imago,such as blood steamed bread、red prescription、blood clever are the sign of topic. The character of disease narration mainly study patient characters and doctor characters.The patient characters contain stupid characters and crazy characters.Stupid characters’s prosperity related to Chinese culture tratidion、the change of culture atmosphere、modernity and vulgarization、uglyness aesthetic trend. At the same time, it is the mirror of ugly humamity. Crazy characters mainly contain crazy man and crazy woman.The crazy characters in modern literature further are linked to revolution、class struggle etc social problem.The crazy man characters root on the redundant burden from history and politics.While crazy woman characters are linked to love lack and bully from bad man.Doctor characters experience great changes.In Chinese ancient literature,doctor characters were the pure chinese medicine doctor characters.While in modern literature,doctor characters became a complex character of condenseing modernity contradiction.which became a special character condensing culture and literature topic insteade of common character.Doctoer character divide into chinese medicine doctor and west medicine doctor.Chinese medicine doctor was the symbol of backward culture,and west medicine doctor was the symbol of advanced culture.While in contempory literature,doctor character newly became a common character.which became multivariant character from unique group character. The style study of disease narration mainly discuss the feature and meaning of disease narration.This chapter contain four aspects,that is narration visual angle、style form、rhetoric skill、style color.The patient narration viewpoint of disease narration has high poetics value.among them, psychosis visual angle is the important tool to conduct culture criticism and elevate poetics value.The style form of disease narration contain pathograph、prescription form、patient diary form、ward writing form etc.Pathograph is the real record of the disease course by the patients or their folks.Prescription form is the main form by modern intellect.Patient diary form is the form of diary narration by patient writers. Ward writing form is the form of narration story in the ward and narrating ward story. Rhetoric skill consist five aspects.that is Verefremdungsefftkt skill、irony skill、metaphor skill、madness skill、medicine skill etc. Verefremdungsefftkt skill mainly find expression in narration visual angle and narration language.Irony skill construct itself between the normal and the abnormal、the beautiful and the ugly、the real and the false.While the double narration and the unreliable narration also contributes to the genetating of the irony skill. Metaphor skill is the important tool to raise the aesthetic feature,which make disease narration a dilicious aesthetic object.Madness skill is manifested in mad characters and mad language.The formation and use of madness skill is related to social culture tradition and psychology.Mad language is supposed to be truth.Disease narration consist four kinds of style,that is gloomy style、sublime style、psychedelic style、calm style etc.Medicine skill mainly indicate skill of the doctor writers.which consist of microcosmic skill and macroscopical skill with strong medical color. Disease narration is to study the special aesthetic value.which contain two aspects.that is disease narration form and aesthetic psychology.In general,disease aesthetic contain tuberculosis aesthetic、border rays aesthetic、eeriness aesthetic、tragedy aesthetic etc.Tuberculosis aesthetic is the aesthetic embodied by the tuberculosis narration.In modern literature, there are lots of tuberculosis imago and characters.which compose the tuberculosis aesthetic. Border rays aesthetic originally means aesthetic style embodied by the psychosis artist’s arts.In disease narration,it is the main aesthetic emobied by psychosis characters.Eeriness aesthetic is the main aesthetic character of ugly human body.As we all know,disease cause human body become ugly and terrible.and it contain abnormal human body、disable hunman body、disesed human body.The unique value of eriness aesthetic is indicating readers strong emotion impact、horror shock、impress memory.Tragedy aesthetic means the process from mirror image self-identity to tragedy appreciation when readers read the disease narration work.At the same time, the proper distance between readers and characters make readers feel tragedy enjoyment and adventure instead of terrible feeling. Disease narration’coccurrence、topic pattern、characters、fiction style、aesthetic character compose the frame of disease aesthetic. Disease narration is the important memeber of literature family, and disease aesthetic offers a brand new view of literature research.
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