论文标题:教育正负功能观的社会学分析
Research on Present Situation And Training Pattern Of The Mainstay-PE-Teachers in Middle School In Shan Dong Province
论文作者 胡振京
论文导师 杨昌勇,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 教育学原理
论文单位 曲阜师范大学,点击次数 92,论文页数 52页File Size1958k
2002-03-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_39633992/ 物理教材;教材评价;建构主义教学理论;研究性学习;综合课程理论;评价指标体系
Physics Teaching Material;Evaluation of Teaching; Material Teaching Theory of Establishing;Integrated Teaching Method; Studying Method;System of Evaluation
教材评价是在一定的评价方案的指导下，依据一系列的有组织的标准和方法对教材及其特征进行描述和分析，以判断教材内在价值和特征的过程。对教材进行评价在教材改革中具有十分重要的地位，它既是一个完整的教材改革的终点，又是教材改革继续向前发展的起点。要对教材进行科学的、定量的评价，就要建立一个科学的教材评价指标体系。建构教材评价指标体系是说依据一定的原则，把这些带有抽象性和笼统性的教材评价标准进行分解或归类，形成一系列的具体明确、层次分明、可测量的、行为化的和可操作的教材评价指标，然后若干相互关联又相互独立的指标合理化，有机的组合成系统化的教材评价指标群体。 建立科学的物理教材评价指标体系，对物理教材进行科学的教材评价是市场经济条件下教材改革的需要。近几年来，国家对课程教材管理体制进行改革，允许各地根据本地区需要编写不同风格的教材。在这种情况下，物理教材难免会出现版本众多、水平参差不齐、质量有高有低等情况。如果没有一个评价标准，那么使用者就难辨良莠。因此必须建立教材评价指标体系，充分运用教材评价这一调控手段，扬优抑劣，公平竞争，甄选推荐优秀物理教材，淘汰低劣物理教材。 有鉴于此，本文建立了一个教材评价指标体系，用之对现行高中物理教材进行了评价，并对各教材评价指标做了简要的评析。 论丈共分四部分，下面简要概述之： 第一部分主要对物理教材进行了界定，介绍了编写物理教材所遵循的思想原则，描述了近几年来我国教材编写的现状，指出了建立教材评价指标体系的重要性。 第二部分是概述部分。描述了我国教材评价的发展历史，简要介绍了在各个历史阶段教材评价的特点；论述了建国以来，特别是改革开放以来，我国在完善教材评价方面所采取的措施，这些措施使教材评价向着明确化、制度化、公开化和科学化方向发展。随着社会的发 展，科技的进步，建构主义教学理论、综合课程理论以及研究性学习 理论等现代教育理论逐步被人们所重视，本文简要介绍了这三种教育 理论的特点、功能以及对教材编制的影响． 要建立科学的教材评价指标体系，需要遵循一定的原则。本文认 为方向性原则、客观性原则、科学性原则和可行性原则是建立教材评 价指标体系所必需的．同时，本文分别介绍了计算权重的两种方法一 一专家调查法和层次分析法，对它们的步骤和程序作了说明。 第三部分主要来建构高中物理教材评价指标体系。根据物理教材 的建设目标、教材评价指标体系的设计原则、《中小学教材审定标准》 以及《全日制普通高级中学物理教学大纲（试验修订版W，笔者参照 阎金锋先生的《评价教材参照性细目调查表》以及冯树理、田世昆先 生制定的《评价初中物理教科书的指标体系》，结合时代的要求，设计 了一个高中物理教材评价指标体系。该体系包括知识内容、体系结构、 教育性、能力培养、非智力固素培养、适应水平以及枝术水平七项一 级指标，31项二级指标。并在现代教育观念、教学思想指导下，参阅 《基础课程改革纲要）｝，结合教学论、课程论、教育学、。。理学等理论， 对教材评价指标体系的各项指标进行评析。 体系建立后，为计算一级、二级指标的权重，本文设计了两个调 查表。分别用它们调查了物理教育教学方面的专家和中学物理教学的 优秀工作者及有经验的物理教师。有 18位专家按要求填写了一级指标 权重调查表（附录一人用前面介绍的量化方法进行计算，得出高中物 理教材评价指标体系一级指标的权重： MW一（0．2 4 3 0．1210．0 9 9 0．17 4 0．16 2 0．113 0．0 8 8） 为确定18位专家填写的一级指标权重调查表的一致性，对这18 位专家所给的数据用肯德尔（M．Kenda）和谐系数法作显著性检验。 经过计算，有95K的帧说，所得到的关于一级指标权重调查的评价数 据是一致的。 利用我省高中物理骨千教师培训第二期培训班在我系举办的机 会，把附录二让参力。骨干教师培训班的老师填写。由于时间仓促，只 且且 乡 收回 18份。利用前面所提到的量化方法对所得到的数据进行处理，得 到了二级指标的权重。 第四部分是对教材评价的实施与结果部分。为对现行
The evaluation of teaching material is a process to describe and analyse the material and its characteristics based on set of organized norms and methods. It"s aims is to judge the ingenerated value and characteristics of them. The evaluation plays an important role in teaching material reform------it"s an end of a complete reform as well as a beginning for the reformto continue. To evaluate the material scientifically and quantificationaliy, a scientific evaluation system needs to be set up. To set up a system of evaluation is to classify or resolve the abstract and general evaluation, to form a series of specific, clear, measurable, behaviorized and operable standards of evaluation.To set up a system of sciatic physics teaching material evaluation, to evaluate physical teaching material is the great need of teaching material reform in market economy days. In recent years, our country has taken reform of teaching material, and allows every region to edit teaching materials of different styles. In this case, physics teaching materials of different editions, qualities and levels are unavoidable. Without an evaluation standard, it"ll be difficult for the users to decide. Therefore, to build a teaching material evaluation system is in great need, which aim is to make full use of evaluation to keep the fittest and eliminate these of low quality.This article sets up a teaching material evaluation system to evaluate the current physics teaching materials. The article consists of 5 parts.-Part I .This part is to limit physics teaching materials, to introduce the principles for editing, to describe the current case of editing and indicate the importance of setting up the teaching material evaluation system.Part II .To state the general thesis. This part is to describe thedeveloping history of teaching materials evaluation system in china, to briefly introduce the characteristics of teaching materials evaluation system in different historical period. It also discusses measures china has adopted since PRC was founded especially after the year 1978. With the social developing, and teaching improving, modern teaching methods like Teaching Theory of Establishing, Integrated Teaching Method and Studying Method has been concentrated on. This article introduces characteristics and functions of the three theories, and influences on teaching materials compiled.To set up a teaching materials evaluation system, a certain principle is needed. The principle of direction, objection, science and practicability is essential. At the same time, two methods of calculating value of everyindex------method of Experts Investigation and method of GradationAnalysis are discussed in the article.Part III. This part is mainly to set up the teaching materials evaluation system. We create a teaching materials evaluation system based on the goal of teaching materials evaluation system and the designing principle. Also considers a lot of books such as ((Judging Standard of Teaching Material)), ((Physics Teaching Precis of Common Senior High School of Full Day)), ((Investigating Diagram of Teaching Materials Evaluation)) (by Yan Jinduo), {System of Evaluating physics books for Juniors)) (by Feng Shuli and Tian Shikun) . The system contains 7 Standards of Grade A and 31 Standards of Grade B.And then, we analyse every aspects of teaching materials evaluation system guided by modern education theory, teaching thought. To do so we also consider {The outline of Basic Course Reform)), and teaching method, curriculum method, pedagogy and psychology.We make 2 diagrams to count the value of these 2 Grades, investigate specialists on physics education and experienced physics teachers respectively. 18 specialists fill in the diagram for Grade A, and get anequation to evaluate the teaching material of senior physics. That is: Mw= (0.243 0.121 0.099 0.174 0.162 0.113 0.088) To be sure of the consistence of the diagram, we examine the figuregiven by the 18 specialists with M.kendall method. We san say,
|
