论文标题:近现代中学历史教学方法的比较研究
The Comparative Research in Modern and Contemporary History Teaching Methods
论文作者 方平
论文导师 吴晓晴,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 课程与教学论
论文单位 南京师范大学,点击次数 169,论文页数 58页File Size3319k
2004-05-25论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_397478212/ 近代历史教学方法;现代历史教学方法;近现代历史教学方法的比较研究
modern history teaching methods, contemporary history teaching methods, comparative research in modem and contemporary history teaching methods
对近现代历史教学方法的比较研究，实际上就是一个在对近代历史教学方法的研究过程中吸取前人经验为现代历史教学方法的变革和创新提供借鉴的问题。 近代历史教学方法在清末受到德国赫尔巴特教学方法的影响，具备了固定的教学模式。这种教学模式延续到民国初年，后被大规模涌入中国的西方实用主义和人文主义教育思想打破，历史教学发生了质的变化。这种变化体现在教学中心的转移，教学组织的开放及教学目标的重新定位等等方面，然而最重要的还是教学方法的创新。历史教学方法方面出现了很多闻所未闻的新方法：读书指导法、角色扮演法等等。一时间，国人纷纷仿效，中国出现了学习西方甚至是全盘移植西方教育思想和教学方法的高潮。然而这些西方教育思想和教学方法到中国之后却因为无法适应中国的国情而最终归于失败。 1949年新中国建立，由于社会制度和意识形态等多方面的因素。新中国的历史教育割断了和旧中国的联系，历史教育甚至吸收不到近代众多历史教学法的一点经验，而进入了一个自我摸索自我创新的阶段。虽然这些近代的历史教学方法随着时间的推移和社会的变迁没能继续发展下去，但其中很多教学手段和教学方式及努力实践的精神均被新一代的历史教学研究者和实践者保留下来，使我们可以对这些教学方式、教学手段得以重新的审视和运用。 在对近代历史教学方法的重新审视和探讨中，我们发现，现代历史教学方法中保留了大量近代盛行一时的历史教学方法，并在这个基础上更加注意其间的优化选择和组合。比民国时期一个教学法中只运用一种或两种教学方法的单一呆板，要更加灵活和多样化。除此之外，我们还发现在近代历史教学方法的改革中有很多值得我们学习的经验和教训，它们可以用来为新一轮课程改革下的历史教学方法的创新提供借鉴。 我们希望在对近代历史教学方法继承的同时，创造出更适宜中国国情的历史教学法使我们的历史教学向更理想的方向发展。
The comparative research in modern and contemporary history teaching methods in fact is an issue how to absorb the past experience and get reference for the reform and innovation of contemporary history teaching methods during the research.In the last period of Qing dynasty, modern history teaching methods all contain a regular teaching mode greatly influenced by German Herbart"s way. This mode lasted until the beginning of ROC when it was substantially changed by the Pragmatism and humanism education thoughts then pouring into China from western world. This change showed itself in many aspects such as transfer of teaching focuses, open-up teaching organization, relocation of education aims etc, among which the innovation of teaching methods was most important. Many brand-new methods, such as reading-guiding and role-playing, appeared. At that time, Chinese were so anxious to imitate those methods that the culmination of learning and copying western education thoughts and teaching methods were formed. However, all the thoughts and methods ended up with failure due to being unable to adapt to Chinese special condition.After the establishment of new China in 1949, on account of factors of social system and ideology, history education cut off its link with past China. History education undertook a new phase of self-development and self-innovation without any absorption from the experience of modern history teaching methods. Though these methods failed to continue developing thanks to time and social changes, many teaching ways and methods and the spirit to carry out them were preserved by new generation of history teaching researcher and practitioner so that we have opportunities to judge and use these ways and methods with a new perspective.During judging and exploring these modern history teaching methods, we find that contemporary history teaching methods reserve a lot of teaching ways which were fashionable for a time. On basis of this, contemporary history teaching methods lays great emphasis on the choices and combination of different teaching ways. So it"s more flexible and diversified than the methods containing only one or two teaching ways used in ROC period. Beside that, we also find there many experience and lessons in the modern history teaching methods reformwhich can be used as reference for teaching methods innovation for next-round curriculum reform.We hope while inheriting from the modern history teaching methods, we can form out methods more adaptable to Chinese condition so that our history teaching will develop in more satisfactory way.
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