论文标题:我国优秀艺术体操运动员科学选材与应用系统的开发研究
Study on the Scientific Talent Identification and the Application System of Chinese Elite Athletes in Rhythmic Gymnastics
论文作者
论文导师 肖光来,论文学位 博士,论文专业 体育教育训练学
论文单位 北京体育大学,点击次数 104,论文页数 104页File Size1302K
2005-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_398474982/
Scientific Talent Identification;; Rhythmic Gymnastics;; Elite Athletes;; Index;; Evaluation Criteria;; Competitive ability;; Code of Points
本研究以我国现役64名艺术体操运动员为主要研究对象,综合运用文献、调查、测试及数理统计等研究方法,对我国优秀艺术体操运动员科学选材的理论与实践进行了研究。主要研究结论如下: 1.通过对1985至2005年以来7个版本艺术体操国际评分规则的分析发现,艺术体操运动正在朝着单个难度动作结构复杂化、动作规格高标准化、身体动作与器械动作一体化的方向发展。“美、”“难、”“新”是艺术体操未来的发展方向;手持轻器械运动及优美性是艺术体操运动的主要特征。 2.中、外艺术体操运动员在成材的年龄上具有相似的特征:运动员的初训年龄集中在6～8岁,并且以7岁参加初训的人数为最多。经过8～12年左右的系统专项训练后,我国运动员在16～19岁左右就能够成材参加国际性比赛。国外运动员的成材年龄稍早于我国运动员1～2年左右。 3.运动员的生长发育规律是科学选材和训练工作的理论基础。研究表明:长期、系统的专项训练对运动员的生长发育产生了一定的影响。艺术体操运动员一般在13岁左右出现身高的突增高峰,并且主要以下肢长度的增长为主。而普通女孩子在11左右出现身高增长的峰值。艺术体操运动员生长突增期较普通女孩子晚2年左右。月经初潮通常作为女性性发育水平的评定指标。随着经济水平的不断提高和营养状况的改善,普通女孩子的初潮时间有随年代发展而不断提前的趋势。但是,艺术体操运动员并未出现初潮时间提前的现象,究其原因主要是与运动员长期参与系统的大运动量训练并同时由于控体重的原因造成运动员营养不良,体脂百分比过低有关。本研究还对身体指数进行了一定的研究,找到了艺术体操运动员在生长过程中长度指数、宽度指数及围度指数的一些变化规律。 4.指标体系的确立是科学选材的核心问题。本研究运用因子分析等统计学方法并结合专家调查结果及专业知识对各项指标进行了细致的剖析、论证和筛选。最终筛选出16项指标作为优秀运动员选材的典型指标。另外,将马氏指数作为形态选材的资格指标;将血红蛋白及气质类型作为慎选指标。在指标优选的基础上,建立了我国优秀运动员竞技能力结构模型。 5.运用测量与评价原理建立了我国优秀艺术体操运动员科学选材单项评分标准及竞技能力综合评价标准。 6.本研究利用Visual FoxPro 6.0作为开发工具将本研究的主要结果即我国优秀艺术体操运动员科学选材的评价标准开发、研制成《我国优秀艺术体操运动员科学选材的计算机评价系统》。该系统具有界面友好、交互性强、直观、易于操作、便于使用和节省时间等特点。该评价系统的研制大大地节省了教练员的宝贵时间,为教练员的选材工作最大限度地提供了便利条件。使她们能将更多的精力投入到训练中去。
The theory and practice on scientific talent identification of Chinese elite athletes in rhythmic gymnastics have been studied in this dissertation and many research methods like literature, investigation, experiment and statistics were used. 64 elite athletes were enlisted in this research and the main conclusions were as follows: 1. By analysis of international code of points from 1985 edition to 2005 edition, it was found that beauty、difficulty and creation are the future trends of Rhythmic Gymnastics. Rhythmic Gymnastics has two main characteristics. The first characteristic is that the athletes must hold Apparatus while making movements. Another characteristic is beauty. 2. Athletes at home and abroad of this event have the similar grown-up period. Athletes began to be trained at the age of 6 to 8 and most athletes started their first training at 7 years old. After 8 to 12 years’systematic training, they had the ability of taking part in international competitions. Grown-up period at abroad was 1～2 years earlier than that of our country. 3. The law of growth and development of athletes of Rhythmic Gymnastics were the basic theory on training and scientific identification. The research showed that chronically systematic professional training had an effect on the growth and development of the athletes of Rhythmic Gymnastics. The peak height velocity appeared when they were 13 years old. It showed 2 years later than ordinary girls. The menarche of a girl is used as an index on judging the level of a female’s sexuality. With the development of economy and the improvement of living standard and quality, the age of menarche of ordinary girls has the trend of appearing earlier than before but the athletes of Rhythmic Gymnastics were not. It has something to do with chronically intensity physical training and insufficient nutritional intake. This study also found the laws of the changes of the length index, width index and circle index. 4. Establishing the index system was the key problem in scientific talent identification. Factor analysis was used to select original indexes. On the basis of selecting indexes, the structure model of competition ability was established. 5. Using the principle of measurement and evaluation of sport, the integrated evaluating standard of competition ability about Chinese elite athletes was established. 6. By using the Visual FoxPro 6.0, a set of evaluating system of competition ability about Chinese elite athletes was designed, which was easy to operate for the scientific talent identification of the elite athletes in rhythmic gymnastics.
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