论文标题:渗水地膜覆盖花生增产机理研究
Study on Increasing Yield of Peanut by Water-permeability Plastic Membrane Mulching
论文作者 赵晋铭
论文导师 郝建平,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 作物栽培学与耕作学
论文单位 山西农业大学,点击次数 719,论文页数 39页File Size387k
2005-04-25论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_401807/ 覆膜栽培; 渗水地膜; 花生
mulching cultivation; peanut; water-permeability plastic membrane
试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设渗水地膜、普通地膜、露地三个处理。通过田间试验,结合生理生态分析方法,研究了渗水地膜覆盖对春花生的生理生态效应及产量效果。结果表明: (1)渗水地膜覆盖不仅具有与普通地膜相似的保水提墒作用,而且渗水地膜可将有限的自然降水,通过膜上的微孔渗入到膜下,对小雨量资源的截获非常有效,提高了耕层土壤含水量,为花生的增产提供了可靠的水分基础。(2)渗水地膜覆盖可减少土壤热量散失,与普通地膜相比,由于其微通透性,抑制了土壤最高温度,提高了土壤最低温度,为花生生长创造了较稳定的土壤温度条件,明显加快了花生的生长发育进程。(3)渗水地膜可改善土壤理化性状,构成协调性较好的根际微生态环境。与普通地膜相比,渗水地膜覆盖下结实层土壤容重降低,孔隙度提高,有利于土壤有益微生物活动,微生物的种群及数量都明显增加,促进了土壤有机质分解,加速了有效养分的释放。(4)在同等条件下渗水地膜覆盖,花生开花提早,花量增多,开花结荚集中,从而使花生提早成熟。与普通地膜和露地相比,渗水地膜处理可增大作物的叶面积指数,提高对光能的截获能力,有利于植物对养分吸收,促进花生各器官的生长发育,其主茎高、侧枝长、单株结果数、群体干物质积累量等生物学指标在花生生长发育过程中一直高于普通地膜和露地。渗水地膜比普通地膜增产9.8%,达0.05 显著水平;与露地相比,增产效果达极显著水平。
The experiment was designed in a single factor random block. There were three treatments: water-permeability plastic membrane mulching, conventional plastic membrane mulching and un-mulching. The effect of water-permeability membrane on eco-physiology and yield of spring peanut was investigated by field experimentation and eco-physiology analysis. The results indicated as follow: 1.Water-permeability plastic membrane could improve limited rainfall penetration into soil through mini-holes of the plastic membrane, and also more effectively use small rainfall. At the meantime, it was able to keep soil moisture as conventional plastic membrane did. It could promote the accumulation of water in cultivated soil and provide reliable moisture for increasing peanut’s yield. 2.Water-permeability plastic membrane can greatly decrease loss of the quantities of heat in soil. Through its mini-hole penetration, water-permeability plastic membrane mulching has abilities to maintain a suitable temperature in soil so that peanut could grow much better. It could also obviously accelerate peanut growth at early stage. 3.Water-permeability plastic membrane mulching could modify soil’s physical and chemical nature, forming a more harmonious rhizospere micro-ecological environment. Compared to conventional plastic membrane mulching, water-permeability plastic membrane mulching can reduce soil volume-weight and raise soil void-fraction so that it can benefit microbe’s activities and increase microbe’s diversity and number, and promote decomposition of soil organic manure and conversion of effective nutrient. 4.In the same condition, the peanut under water-permeability plastic membrane flowered earlier, and the peanut could also get much more flowers and a relatively shorter flowering time so that the peanut could mature much earlier. Water-permeability plastic membrane mulching was able to increase the leaf area index of peanut and the ability of acquiring sunlight, which would benefit the nutrient uptake and speed peanut’s growth. During whole growing period, the peanut under water-permeability plastic membrane usually has higher stems, longer lateral branches, more plump fruits per crop, a much higher population-dry-biomass -accumulation, and also a higher other biology indexes. Peanut’s yield under water-permeability plastic membrane mulching increased by 9.8% compared to common plastic membrane mulching. The statistical analysis showed that variance of the yields between water-permeability plastic membrane mulching and conventional plastic membrane mulching reached a 0.05 significant level, the variance between water-permeability plastic membrane mulching and un-mulching reached a 0.01 significant level.
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