论文标题:东北地区资源型城市贫困问题研究
The Study of the Urban Poverty Problem about Resource Cities in Northeast
论文作者
论文导师 丁四保,论文学位 博士,论文专业 区域经济学
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 14,论文页数 141页File Size8839K
2007-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_413487172/
Urban Poverty; in Northeast; Resource Cities; Poor Resident; Poor Area; Poor City
改革开放以来,我国的城市贫困问题逐渐凸显,与农村情况不同的是,农村贫困人口在不断减少,而城市贫困的形势却在发展。由于城市贫困居民没有土地作为生活保障,所以“增收与减负”的机会很少,并且城市劳动力人口很难承担迁移的风险。尤其值得注意的是农村贫困基本上属于“发展问题”,而我国城市贫困的成因有许多要归于“改革”。特别是在老工业基地的东北地区,国有企业在体制改革中形成的大量下岗、失业人员(包括规模庞大的各种大集体人员),使再就业面临众多困难,贫困大面积发生和不断发展。其中,资源(枯竭)型城市的问题又特别突出。 以农民工和移民等流动人口为主体的城市贫困群体和贫困区问题是任何一个工业化、城市化过程中的国家都不可避免的,而我国东北地区资源型城市的贫困问题是一个综合性问题,具有最典型的体制制度和结构性问题,以及由此带来的城市居民大量失业和贫困、居住区衰败、城市环境恶化和发展不景气,是我国特有的城市贫困。伴随资源的衰竭和计划经济向市场经济的过渡,东北资源型城市的贫困问题不仅面临新挑战,而且直接关系到城市体系乃至东北老工业基地振兴的区域发展大局。在我国全面建设小康社会和构建和谐社会的今天,关注和解决东北地区资源型城市的贫困问题已经十分迫切。 本文在对国内外城市贫困与反贫困的理论与实践分析和归纳的基础上,构建出我国城市贫困问题研究的三个基本理论层面,即贫困城市、贫困居民和城市贫困区。基于这个基本思路,诊断出东北地区资源型城市典型且复杂的城市贫困状况,运用数学方法筛选出影响城市贫困的相关因素,探讨了东北资源型城市贫困的形成机制和原因,并且针对城市贫困问题的三个层面提出具有可操作性的反贫困政策。论文共分为五个部分,篇章结构如下: 第一章,关于贫困和城市贫困的一般理论和实践。首先概括出贫困和城市贫困不同角度的定义和测度方法,总结了国内外对于城市贫困问题的研究现状。由于目前还没有真正关于城市贫困理论的研究,所以论文归纳出与资源型城市贫困相关的基础理论,包括一般的贫困理论、城市贫困空间理论以及资源型城市的理论。然后在此基础上,运用层次式研究方法构建出我国城市贫困的基本理论框架,包括:贫困城市、贫困居民和城市贫困区三个方面。论文实证部分的研究基本是按这三个尺度展开的。 第二章,反贫困的理论和实践概括。阐述了反贫困理论的研究进展,以及在反贫困过程中存在的市场失灵问题,提出政府在反贫困过程中的重要作用。但是除了政府以外,国际组织和非政府组织也会直接影响到反贫困的效率。所以,论文又从政府和非政府的角度介绍了不同国家和国际援助组织的反贫困行动,以期对我国制定反贫困战略提供借鉴。最后,阐述了我国的扶贫体系及城市扶贫的发展历程。这些都为资源型城市反贫困政策的提出奠定了基础。 第三章,东北地区资源型城市的城市贫困状况分析。首先对东北地区资源型城市进行了界定,通过比较发现东北地区资源型城市具有很高的贫困率,然后分别从贫困城市、贫困居民和城市贫困区三个角度对东北地区资源型城市的贫困状况进行了详细地分析。第四章,东北地区资源型城市贫困形成的机制和制度原因研究。指出资源型城市致贫的根本原因在于计划经济遗留下来的历史欠账以及计划经济体制向市场经济体制改革的不彻底,使东北地区的资源型城市处于不利的地位。地方政府和资源型企业无法解决特殊的体制性障碍、中央政府对资源型城市的更多控制都阻碍这些城市的改革和开放进程,从而对经济增长和缓解贫困产生消极影响。其他原因还包括粗放的资源开发方式、城市政府提供公共服务能力的缺陷、政企不分及企业办社会负担沉重、分配制度和社会保障制度的不完善以及资源型城市克服贫困的权利与机会的缺失。 第五章,东北地区资源型城市反贫困的政策措施探讨。针对东北地区资源型城市贫困产生的原因,本章首先分析了东北资源型城市克服城市贫困的条件与机会,然后提出资源型城市反贫困要具有四个方面的基本视角。一是,努力提高贫困城市的经济发展水平,从总体上增强城市的经济实力,反贫困的根本出路在于发展接续产业和实现城市经济转型;二是,注重为城市贫困居民提供各种服务和建立良好的制度环境,包括增强贫困居民的就业能力和为贫困居民提供社会保障等;三是,城市贫困区的改造要与安排就业紧密结合,要以促进就业为目标来推进资源型城市贫困区的改造,防止贫困的再生产;四是,完善和改进现有的政策和制度,加强资源型城市政府的反贫困能力建设,政府要树立对贫困城市的援助和对贫困居民的救助的长期目标。
With the Reform and Opening,the problem of urban poverty is becoming obvious in China,different from rural poverty,the rural poor population is reducing continuously,but the situation of urban poverty is developing.Because urban poor residents have no land as living guarantee,so the opportunity of“income increase and burden release”is few,and urban population of labour force can hardly undertake migratory risk.We should focus on that rural poverty is belongs to“development problem”basically,but urban poverty is attribute to the“reform”.Especially the northeast region in old industrial base,the state-owned enterprise is becoming of mass laid-off and unemployed personnel(including various huge scale big collective personnel) in the system reform,that make Re-employment face numerous difficult,the poverty takes place on large area and develops continuously.Among them,the urban poverty of resource(exhausted) cities are specially outstanding. The urban poverty population making up of taking fluid populations,such as migrant peasant worker and emigrant etc.and poor area are inevitable in every industrialize and citylize country,but the urban poverty of resource cities in northeast is comprehensive problem.There exist the most typical system and structure problem,urban residents mass unemployed and poverty、residential area deterioration、environment deterioration and development recession,which are the special problem of urban poverty in China.Accompanying with the natural resources depletion and the transition of planned economy toward market economy,the urban poverty problem of resource cities in northeast are not only facing a new challenge,but also relating to city system directly and the general situation of northeast old industrial region development.Today,at our country building a moderately prosperous society and seting up to a harmonious society in an all-round, it is very urgent to pay attention to and solve the urban poverty problem of resource cities in northeast. On the base of analyzing the theories and practices of urban poverty and anti-poverty about domestic and foreign,this paper set up three basic theories aspects of urban poverty about our country,including poor city,poor residents and urban poor area.According to this basic thought, the typical and complicated urban poverty condition of resource cities in northeast. has been diagnosede,and the correlative factors influence urban poverty have been found out using the mathematics method,and the forming mechanism and causes of the urban poverty of resource cities in northeast has been discussed,and a feasible anti-poverty policy frame with three different lays on urban poverty has been given.This paper consists of five parts,sections and chapters as following. Chapter One:The normal theories and practices on poverty and urban poverty.First,the paper generalizes the definitions and measure ways of poverty and urban poverty from different angles,and summarizes the research status on urban poverty of domestic and foreign.Because there is no real research on the theory of urban poverty,so the paper induces the related foundation theories with the resource cities,including the theories of normal poverty、the spacial theories of urban poverty and the theories of resource cities.Then on this foundation,the theory frame on the urban poverty of our country has been constructed by layer’s research method.The three aspects in this frame include poor city,poor residents and urban poor area.The evidence research of the paper base on the three dimensionses. Chapter Two:The generalization on the anti-poverty theories and practices.This part elaborates the research progress on anti-poverty theory and the problem of market failure,then puts forward the important function of government during anti-poverty process.Beside the government,the international organizations will also influence the efficiency of anti-poverty directly.So, the paper introduces the anti-poverty actions of some different countries and international aid organizations from different aspects including government and nongovernment.The last of this charter elaborates poverty alleviation systerm and urban help-the-poor development process.These all put forward laying foundation for the anti-poverty policy of the resource city government. Chapter Three : The urban poverty condition analysis on resource cities in Northeast.First,the paper carried on a define to the type of resource cities in Northeast. By comparision,we discover that the resource cities in Northeast have very high poor rate,then analusize the poverty situation of the resource cities in Northeast from the three aspects including poor city、poor residents and urban poor area. Chapter Four:Research on forms mechanism and system of the urban poverty of resource cities in Northeast.The paper points out the basic reason causing the urban poverty of resource cities lies in the historical accounts left over by planned economy,and incompleteness of planned economy system toward market economy system reform,that make the resource cities in Northeast be placed in a disadvantageous position.The special system obstacle that local governments and resource enterprises can’t solve and more controls on resource cities by central government will obstruct the reform and opening progress about these cities,thus will produce negative influence to the economic growth and alleviating poverty.Other reasons still include extensive resources development ways,the defect about the ability of public service by government provision,the functions of the government and enterprises mixed up and the heavy burden of enterprises’social obligations,the imperfection of distribution system and social security system,and the absence of right and opportunity to overcome poverty in resource cities. Chapter Five:Discussion on the urban anti-poverty strategy and policy of resource cities in Northeast.Aiming at reasons causing the urban poverty of resource cities in Northeast,this chapter analyzes the conditions and chances of the resource cities in Northeast to conquer poverty.,latterly,puts forward the urban anti-poverty of resource cities have to have four basic visual angels.First,improve the economic development level of the poor cities.Because the basic exit of anti-poverty lies in developing successive industry and carrying out city economy transformation,we must strengthen the economic power in the whole.Second, pay attention to provide various services to the poor residents in city and build up good system environment ,including enhancing employment ability of poor residents and supplying social guarantee for them.Third,the reformation of the urban poor area should be close to combine with arranging employment,and improving the employment rate as a target to push forward urban poor area reform of resource cities in order to prevent poverty reproduction.Forth, perfect and promote the present system and policy and strengthen the anti-poverty ability construction of resource cities government.The government should set up a long-term target.to aid poor cities and help poor residents.
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