论文标题:不同识字水平汉语儿童视觉空间认知特点的研究
Studies on Visual-spatial Cognition Characteristics of Chinese Children with Different Achievement in Processing Characters
论文作者 邹金利
论文导师 游旭群,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 基础心理学
论文单位 陕西师范大学,点击次数 345,论文页数 55页File Size2911k
2005-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_4148222/ 识字能力;视觉空间认知;补偿性发展;心理旋转;图形记忆;认知线索
characters-processing; visual-spatial cognition;compensatory development; mental rotation; figure memory; cognitive clue
阅读是个体从外界获得信息、与外界交流的重要手段。阅读困难的产生对个体认知、情感、自我概念以及社会性发展均会产生重要影响。因此,阅读困难的发生机制及特征成为研究者们探讨的重要课题。作为一种表意文字系统,汉语阅读似乎需要更多视觉加工的参与;关于汉语阅读困难者的视觉信息加工能力,研究者们进行了一些探讨,但所得结果不尽一致。 阅读困难的神经解剖学研究发现,与正常个体不同,阅读困难者的大脑具有更高的对称性。有研究者猜测,这可能是由于左脑的发展被抑制而右脑发展被增强所致。左脑是语言加工的重要器官,而右脑则与许多视觉信息加工密切相关。因而我们设想,阅读困难者在阅读能力受损的同时有可能伴有视觉空间认知加工能力的优势。 阅读过程包括字词识别、句子加工、语篇理解等不同的认知加工阶段,其中的字词识别是阅读的首要加工阶段。为了作较细致的探讨,本研究从汉字加工这一角度,考察了不同识字能力汉语儿童的视觉空间认知加工能力。 在回顾中外阅读困难研究历程、分析其中存在的主要问题和分歧的基础上,我们展开了整个研究。本研究包括三个部分,共五个实验。分别从心理旋转、图形记忆方面考察了不同识字能力儿童在视觉空间加工方面的水平和特点,并在此基础上采用启动实验范式探讨了不同识字能力儿童在汉字加工过程中对形、音两种线索的利用特征。 本研究结果发现,低识字能力儿童并未显示视觉空间认知加工能力的优势。较低识字能力儿童在图形长时记忆能力上与较高识字能力儿童没有差异;在心理旋转及视空间工作记忆能力上,较低识字能力儿童基本弱于较高识字能力儿童,但这种差异只存在于中等识字能力儿童与高识字能力儿童之间;与中等识字能力儿童相比,低识字能力儿童的视觉空间加工能力有一定回升趋势。本研究认为,这种结果表明,当儿童识字能力的缺陷达到一定程度时,其视觉空间认知加工能力可能会出现一定的“补偿性发展”,尽管这种“补偿”并未达到“优势”水平。但识字能力缺陷须达到怎样水平才会出现这种补偿性发展,是否与诊断意义上的阅读困难或识字困难存在必然的联系,还有待进一步研究。 另外,在实验五的启动研究中我们发现,低识字能力儿童在形似启动下的反应时显著长于高识字能力儿童。本研究认为,该结果表明,低识字能力儿童在汉字加工过程中有机械化和浅层次利用视觉线索的倾向,这种倾向导致他们对目标字的命名更大地受到形似启动字的干扰。
Reading is a important way to acquire information and to communicate. The individual with dyslexia will be affected in the development of cognition, emotion, self-concept and socialization. Therefore, the reason and characteristics of dyslexia become a hot and important problem to investigators. As Chinese is a system of ideogram, Chinese-reading need more visual-processing. Investigators have carried out some studies about visual-information processing of Chinese dyslexics, but the results isn"t consistent.The neuroanatomical study on dyslexics revealed that dyslexic brains is more symmetric than others. It was supposed that the symmetrical brains would result from inhibited left-hemisphere growth along with enhanced right-hemisphere growth. Left-hemisphere deal with processing of language, and right-hemisphere deal with processing of much visual information mostly. Accordingly, it is supposed that dyslexics may have inferior reading skills with superior visual-spatial skills.The course of reading involve a series of different levels, such as lexical identification, sentence processing and chapter comprehension, and lexical level is the primary one. To make matters even more complicated, we tested visual-spatial cognition characteristics of Chinese children with different achievement in processing characters in lexical level.Base on review of domestic and foreign dyslexia studies and analysis of bifurcations and problems, we carried out the study. The study consists of three parts, involving five experiments. we tested visual-spatial cognition skills and characteristics of Chinese children with different achievement of characters-processing, by mental rotation and figure memory, and tested the characteristics that they utilize cognitive clue in characters processing by priming test.The results manifested that the children with inferior skills of characters-processing (CI) have not superior visual skills, they are equative on long-term memory of figures, and inferior to the children with superior skills of characters processing (CS) on mental rotation and working memory of figures. But only the
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