论文标题:论刑法上的财产占有概念
Concept of Possession in Criminal Law
论文作者 李志强
论文导师 周光权,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 民商法学
论文单位 清华大学,点击次数 122,论文页数 45页File Size120k
2003-06-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_4157697/ 刑法上的占有;占有事实;占有意思
possession in criminal,the fact of possession,intention of possession
盗窃、抢夺、抢劫、诈骗和敲诈勒索是转移财产占有的犯罪，侵占是不转移占有的犯罪，在这些直接领得型犯罪中，都涉及到财产占有概念问题。因此，对财产占有概念进行全面研究，对于正确认定上述各罪有着重要意义。但是，我国刑法学界对此问题研究不多，学者们在具体罪名中对财产占有概念进行解释时，也常常将其同民法上的占有相混淆。为此，本文在比较分析国外相关刑法理论的基础上，结合司法实务经验，对刑法上占有的含义、占有的成立及其与民法占有的区别作了较为细致的分析，以期对正确认定财产占有关系有所裨益。本文共分五章，内容如下：第一章是引言部分，主要介绍了写作本文的目的。第二章介绍了大陆法系刑法理论对占有所作的各种定义，并在此基础上分析了各国实务具体判断占有成立的条件。一般来说，都要求占有的成立必须兼具客观支配状态和占有意思两项条件，但在对客观支配状态的理解和对占有意思的要求上，各国的作法并不相同，这同各国的财产秩序状况、财产支配习惯以及法律体系密切相关。第三章具体分析了我国刑法上占有的成立在客观支配状态和占有意思上的要求，认为这应当同我国的法律体系和占有支配习惯联系起来，并且，不同类型的占有在控制支配关系的具体内容上应当有着不同的要求。此外，占有的成立，除需存在占有事实外，还需要占有主体及占有客体都符合法律与社会观念的要求。其中，占有客体的性质对占有的成立及其效力有着重要的意义，占有不同属性的财产所要求的控制支配形态不同，占有的效力也不同，本章主要从财产的物理属性、价值属性和权利属性来分析占有的客体。第四章主要分析了刑法与民法上占有的区别。自罗马法以来，就存在着民法与刑法上占有的区别。较之于民法上的占有，刑法占有的客观支配形态更为现实，主观占有意思更具规范的成份，占有性质的合法与否也不重要，这种差别同两种占有制度的功能及其在各自法律体系中的地位与作用密切相关。第五章就几种特殊占有状况的认定，如存在上下主从关系的占有、共同占有，以及对包装物和死者财产的占有进行了分析，这几种占有的成立与归属，也要依照具体的事实支配关系来确定。
Theft, Snatch, rob, defraud and blackmail are all the crimes that transfer possession of property from one to the other. But establishment of misappropriation needn"t transfer possession of property. Because these crimes relate to the concept of possession, that we research deeply the concept of possession of property in detail t is very important, if we want to properly determine these crimes. But the special research on the problem is merely blank in criminal academic circle of our country. When scholars interpreted the concept of possession in the specific problems, they usually mix up it with possession in civil law. So, on the basis of researching comparatively relevant theories and practice of justice in foreign country, I have analysed definition of possession in criminal law, establishment of possession and differences between it and possession in civil law in detail. I hope that these researches are of benefits to properly definite the relationship of possession of property. This article is totally divided into five chapters. The first part is the introduction. I have mainly introduced the intent of this essay.In the second chapter, I have researched comparatively the differences of definition of possession in the criminal law theory of the continental law. On the basis of the research, the article have analyzed the conditions that establishment of possession need in the academic field and the practice field in different country. Usually, the establishment of possession needs possession"s fact and intention. But specific content of possession"s fact and intention isn"t same in different country. In the third chapter, I have analyzed specifically the factors that establishment of possession in criminal law need in our country. Understanding of possession"s fact and intention should be consistent with our legal system and convention of controlling and dominating property. Different possession should have different specific contents in relationship of controlling and dominating property. In addition, besides of the relationship of controlling and dominating property, establishment of possession requires also that subject and object of possession must conform to the requirements of legal system and social concept. Properties of object of possession are very important for establishment of possession. The formations of controlling and dominating property that different possessions require aren"t same, the effect of possession aren"t same.In the forth chapter, I have researched mainly the differences between possessionin criminal law and one in civil law. The differences have existed since the Roman law era. Compared with possession in civil law, the objectively dominant state of possession in criminal law is more realistic; the sub ejective intention has more elements of law. The determinations of lawfulness of the possession are not important. These are relevant to position and function of the two possession in legal system.In the fifth chapter, I have researched some particular possessions, such as common possession, possession with superiors and subordinate, possessions of package goods and deceased person"s property. The establishment and belongs of these possessions should be determined according to septic dominant state.
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