论文标题:从会话分析理论看对外汉语初级口语教材的会话编写
On Language Materials Compilation for the Primary Spoken Textbooks of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language from the Conversation Analysis Theory Aspect
论文作者
论文导师 赵学清,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 语言学及应用语言学
论文单位 陕西师范大学,点击次数 201,论文页数 58页File Size3104K
2007-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_417587952/
the compilation for the primary spoken textbooks of teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language;; conversation analysis;; the types of structure;; the type of function;; turn-taking for the conversation
对外汉语教材，作为学生的指导规范和教师的教学工具，在对外汉语教学中具有举足轻重的作用。迄今为止，无论是对外汉语教材的数量、种类，还是理论研究都取得了长足的进展。对外汉语教材编写的理论研究水平直接反映了我国对外汉语教学理论的发展水平，显示了我国对外汉语教学研究发展的丰硕成果。 本文针对对外汉语初级阶段的口语教材，采用会话分析理论，从会话结构类型、会话功能类型、会话话轮交接三个方面对选取的八部对外汉语初级口语教材进行分析与考察，指出了它们在编写会话语料时所具备的优点，同时也分析了教材编写会话中现存的问题。 在会话结构类型方面，本文对八部初级口语教材中的会话结构类型进行量化统计，发现教材中会话的结构类型虽然比较丰富，但是从会话结构形式出发，教材会话编排却繁、简不一，并没有遵循由简到繁的规则。本文认为，以主题范围为组织方式，采用圆周式的形式编排教材内容，一定程度上可以解决会话结构类型中出现的问题。 在会话功能类型方面，本文同样对八部初级口语教材中的会话功能类型进行量化统计分析。教材中所呈现的功能类型虽然比较多样，“合意的”与“不合意的”应答语均有所出现，但是从“不合意的”应答语的数量和比例来看，却发现“不合意的”应答语并未引起足够的重视，数量相对缺少。本文认为，除合理编排“合意的”与“不合意的”应答语的比例之外，还应大力加强口语配套教材的编写。 在会话话轮交接方面，八部初级口语教材的会话不仅展现了会话话轮交接的各项规则，而且重视会话的开始谈话部分和结束谈话部分的编写，有利于学生交际能力的培养。然而，八部教材对言语打断等非正常话轮交接现象均未予以重视。本文认为，可以在文本中加注标示符号或者充分利用视听教材和多媒体教材，这样可以适当地解决话轮交接方面所呈现出来的缺陷。 本文在进行了以上三方面的分析与考察后认为，今后教材会话编写时需要注意五大原则，同时也应当进一步从会话角度完善教材编写理论。 从会话分析理论方面对对外汉语教材进行研究，不仅为今后教材编写提供了会话角度方面的各类编写依据和参考原则，充实和发展了对外汉语教材编写理论，而且扩展了会话分析理论在汉语实践中的运用范围和领域，一定程度上弥补了会话分析理论在对外汉语教材分析中的局限性。更重要的是，体现了目前汉语会话本体研究薄弱的一面。只有汉语会话本体研究得到更充分地重视，取得更全面的研究成果，对外汉语教学和教材建设才有可能充分借鉴与吸收其成果。可以说，汉语会话的本体研究也是今后汉语研究的一个重要课题。
The textbook of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, as theguidance of the students and teaching tool of the teachers, plays the very important rolein teaching Chinese as a foreign language. So far, the number、the types and the theoryresearch has made considerable progress. The level of theory study for the compilationof textbook of Chinese as a foreign language directly reflects the level of developmentof China"s foreign language teaching theories, and shows the abundant fruit of theteaching research and development of the TCSL. Eight primary spoken textbooks of the TCSL are analyzed in this paper, by usingthe theories of conversation analysis, in term of the types of structure, the types offunction, turn-taking for the conversation. The advantages and the disadvantages ineight primary spoken textbooks of the TSCL are also pointed out in this paper. From the aspect of the types of structure, on the basis of quantify statistic to thetypes of structure in the eight selected primary spoken textbooks of the TSCL, thispaper finds that the types of structure are rich in the textbooks, but the writing of thetextbooks don"t follow the rule that is from the simple structures to the complexstructures, in terms of the whole structure form of the conversation. Under the basis ofthe theme as organization form, the author indicates the circle form to arrange theconversation will be able to solve the problems From the aspect of the types of function, on the basis of quantify statistic to thetypes of function in the eight selected primary spoken textbooks of the TSCL, this paperfinds that the textbooks tend to be more diverse types of function, the responses of "thepreferred" and "the dispreferred" have emerged, but the responses of"the dispreferred"responses don"t attract the attention of the compiler when they compile the textbooks,according to the research to the number and the proportion of "the disprefferred"responses. The author indicates that except that reasonable arrangement "the preferred"and "the dispreferred" response ratio of conversation, the compiler should vigorouslystrengthen the compilation of the new set of textbooks. From the aspect of turn-taking for the conversation, the conversations in the eightselected primary spoken textbooks of the TSCL not only demonstrate the turn-taking rules in conversation, also pay attention to the compilation of opening sequence andclosing sequence. However, the interruption phenomenons do not attract the attention ofthe compiler. The author indicates that it will be improved the defects of the turn-takingby adding the signal to the conversation or make full use of the modern multi-mediaequipment. In view of the analysis and inspection to the three aspects above-mentioned, thearticle also raises the five principles for the compilation of conversation in the futuretextbooks, and further improves the theory of compilation to the textbooks of TSCLfrom the aspect of conversation. This paper that analyses the textbooks of TSCL by usiag the theory of conversationanalysis, not only provides the basis and reference for the compilation of the textbooksfrom a conversation perspective, enriches and develops the theory about the compilationof the textbooks of TSCL, also expands the scope that the theory of conversationanalysis can be able to apply to the practice in Chinese language, up to a certain degreemakes up the limitations that the theory of conversation analysis can be able to apply tothe analysis on the textbooks of TSCL. Most importantly, it reflects the weak side of theChinese language study. Only we pay more attention to the Chinese language study,come up with the newer and more comprehensive fruits, the TSCL and the constructionof textbooks could use for the reference and fully absorb. It can be said that, theresearch of Chinese language will be an important topic in the future.
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