论文标题:武威市城市园林绿化树种选择及适宜性评价
Suitability Evaluation and Selection of Urban Landscaping Tree Species in Wuwei
论文作者
论文导师 王辉；王继和,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 林业
论文单位 甘肃农业大学,点击次数 175,论文页数 59页File Size3917K
2006-10-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_446083067/
Wuwei;; landscaping greening trees species;; suitability;; comprehensive evaluation;; Analytical Hierarchy Process
城市绿化是现代化城市建设的重要内容，是城市文明与发展的象征。它能丰富城市景观，改善城市生态环境，提高城市生活环境质量。而城市绿化树种的选择是城市绿化生态功能和多样化景观的基础，也是城市园林绿化水平的重要标志。对城市园林绿化树种进行调查与适宜性评价，可为城市园林绿化提供科学依据，使城市园林绿化建设更加合理化、规范化和科学化，从而实现城市园林的可持续性。 本文根据查阅文献资料和实地调查数据，运用园林树木学、森林生态学、景观美学等学科的基本理论和层次分析法的原理与方法，对武威市的105种园林绿化树种进行了分析和综合评价分级。研究结果表明： (1)武威市现有园林绿化树种38科，70属，105种。 (2)通过植物区系分析，表明武威市园林树种区系由多种区系成分汇集而成，其中，蔷薇科(10属20种)、杨柳科(2属13种)、豆科(5属7种)、柏科(4属7种)、木犀科(5属6种)和松科(4属6种)6个科在武威市城市园林树种区系中的优势明显，共30属59种，占总科数的15.79％、总属数的42.86％、总种数的56.19％。 (3)通过多指标选择，建立了武威市园林绿化树种综合评价指标体系。其体系分为三个层次：目标层(A)：武威市园林绿化树种综合评价。准则层(B)：生态适应性能、观赏性能、净化性能和生长性能。指标层(C)：冠型、高矮、奇形、色调、味香、异态、耐盐碱、耐高温、耐寒冻、耐干燥、庇荫、病虫害、吸收SO_2、吸收HF、吸收CI_2、抗风性、吸滞粉尘、细菌、长高、冠幅、萌枝、疏透、寿命和萌蘖共24个具体指标。 (4)根据层次分析法得出园林树种综合评价体系各指标的权重为：准则层中生态适应性的权重最大，说明其在园林树种综合评价中占最重要的地位，是园林树种选择首选条件；其次为观赏性能，在园林树种选择、应用中应作为重点考虑的因子。权重最小的是生长性能，说明生长性能对园林树种评价影响最小；在指标层中，耐寒冻、耐干燥、耐高温、冠形和色调的权重明显大于其它指标，可以认为是影响武威市园林树种综合表现的重要指标，而影响较小的指标是疏透和萌蘖特性。 (5)根据各指标权重，计算得到每个园林树种的综合指数。按综合指数大小，对参与评价的树种进行分级，将其划分为四个等级。其中，Ⅰ级：28种；Ⅱ级：53种；Ⅲ级：16种；Ⅳ级：8种。 (6)根据各树种的喜光性、抗旱性、抗低温性、抗风性，对生态习性综合评级，从而对武威市园林树种的生态特性有一个基本的认识。 (7)根据园林树种的树形、叶、花、果和枝干对武威市园林树种的观赏价值进行了评级。 (8)不同类型绿地的树种：公园绿地有青海云杉、油松、侧柏、落叶松、新疆杨等；防护绿地有新疆杨、小叶杨、白榆、白蜡、沙枣等；庭院绿地有青海云杉、油松、毛白杨、小叶杨等；道路绿地有樟子松、新疆杨、毛白杨、小叶杨、垂柳等；其它绿地有青海云杉、樟子松、侧柏、新疆杨等。 (9)通过对武威市城市园林绿化树种的调查分析，总结出武威市城市绿化中存在的主要问题是：园林绿化树种种类单一，常绿树种种类过少；乡土树种、特色树种利用少；重草轻树，过分强调绿化覆盖率，忽视生态效益；城市绿地结构单一，绿化模式单一。 (10)针对武威市城市园林绿化中存在的主要问题，提出了在武威市城市园林绿化树种选择和配置中应注重其生态学特性与立地条件原则、乡土园林绿化树种原则、整体优先原则、文化原则、可持续原则等，以及树立整体统一的观念、注重植物造景的功能，发挥不同地域园林绿化的特点、充分结合立地条件，做到适地适树、建立法律法规，提高园林绿化管理水平等建设对策。
The urban greening is very important for construction of modern city, urbancivilization and development symbolization. It can enrich urban landscape, improveurban ecological environment and raise urban life quality. The choice of urbangreening tree species bases on ecological function and diversification landscape, it isalso very important sign of the level of urban landscaping greening. The suitabilityevaluation and investigation of trees may offer scientific foundation for urbanlandscaping greening, it may enable urban landscaping greening construction morerational, more standard and more scientific. According to consulting data and overall investigating of trees of urbanlandscaping in Wuwei, using landscape dendrology, forest ecology, landscapeaesthetics and methods of Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP),analyses andcomprehensive evaluation of 105 species of urban landscaping trees in Wuwei weremade. The results and conclusion are summarized as follows: (1)There are 38 families, 70 genera, 105 species of current trees for urbanlandscaping greening tree species in Wuwei. (2)It indicates that numerous floral elements compose in the trees in Wuweithrough flora analysis. Six familes, including Rosaceae(10 genera,20 species),Salicaceae(2 genera,13 species), Leguminosae(5 genera,7 species), Cupressaceae(4genera,7 species), Oleaceae(5 genera,6 species),and Pinaceae(4 genera,6 species),which are considered as obviously advantage families in trees for urban landscapingand the total is 30 genera,59 species, each accounting for 17.59%,42.86% and 56.19%of total number of families, genera and species. (3) In Wuwei, the comprehensive evaluation index system of landscape treeswere established through index choice from three hierarchies. The goal layer (A): thecomprehensive evaluation index system of Wuwei landscape greening trees; Thecriteria layer (B): ecological adaptability ,view and admire capability, cleaningcapability and growth capability; The variable layer (C): including 24 evaluationfactors, they are crown type; height; strange shape; colour; sapor fragrant; differentform; alkali endurance; high temperature endurance; cold and frozen endurance;dryness endurance; shield; plant diseases and insect pests; SO_2 absorbability; HFabsorbability; CI_2 absorbability; wind resistance; dust-blocking; bacteria; length andheight; canopy diameter; sprouting; Porosity; longevity; and suckering. (4)According to the results of the weight value of landscape trees by means ofAHP, the weight value of ecological adaptability is the most important part oflandscape trees comprehensive evaluation index system and the first choice ofchoosing landscape trees, view and admire capability is less important, which will bea considerable factor of choosing and using landscape trees. The last is growthcapability, which shows that growth capability has least influence on comprehensiveevaluation index system. The weight values of cold and frozen endurance, drynessendurance, high temperature endurance, coronal type, and tincture in variable layerare obviously higher than the others. It can be regarded that those factors haveimportant influence on the comprehensive evaluation of landscape trees in Wuwei. The factors of penetration and scattering and germination have slight influence on thecomprehensive evaluation of landscape trees species in Wuwei. (5)The comprehensive index of each landscape trees can be calculated accordingto the weight value of various evaluation from AHR With the distribution of variouscomprehensive index, four grades of landscape trees in Wuwei can be determined.The results show that the number of first class trees is 28, the second is 53, the thirdis 16, and the fourth is 8, all of them are graded according to their integralperformance. (6)According to light favored, drought resistance, low temperature resistance,wind resistance, ecological nature was evaluated to recognize basic ecologicalcharacteristic about landscape trees in Wuwei. (7) According to tree shape, leaf, flower, fruit and limb of garden trees, the viewvalue of garden trees species in Wuwei City was evaluated. (8) Trees of different kinds include: grassland in parks, such as Picea crassifolisKom, Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis,Larix gmelini and Populus albacv.Pyramidalis,grassland to defend, such as Populus alba cv.Pyramidalis, Populussimonii, Ulmus pumila, Fraxinus chinensis,and Eleagnus angustifolia, grassland incourtyard, such as Picea crassifolis Kom,Pinus tabulaeformis, Populus tomentosa andPopulus simonii, grassland on road, such as Pinus sylvesris L.var.mongolica, Populusalba cv.Pyramidalis, Populus tomentos,Populus simonii, Salix babylonica, and othersas Picea crassifolis Kom,Pinus sylvesris L.var.mongolica, Platycladus orientalis,Populus alba cv.Pyramidalis, and so on. (9) By investigating and analyzing garden trees species in Wuwei City, the mainproblems existing in the process of city greening were the singleness of garden treespecies, the lack of evergreen tree species, the lack of characteristic native tree species,more grass and less trees, emphasizing coverage rate while ignoring ecologic benefitand the singleness of structure of city grassland and type of greening. (10) In terms of the main problems above, the principles were brought forward inthe process of choosing and disposing garden tree species in Wuwei City, We shouldpay more attention to the principle of ecology and local environment, native species,culture, sustainable development and so on. In addition, we should build up the ideaof whole and unity and the function landscape-making of plant. According to the localenvironment and different characteristics of garden greening in different zone, manyconstruction countermeasures were put forward to improve the level of administratinggarden greening.
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