论文标题:第三种可能性——解读《宠儿》
The Third Possibility--Reading Beloved
论文作者 马小荔
论文导师 程锡麟,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 英语语言文学
论文单位 四川大学,点击次数 94,论文页数 45页File Size1365k
2004-04-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_47117347/ 第三种可能性;晦涩和神秘;期待视野
The Third Possibility; Elusiveness and Mysteriousness; Horizon of Expectations
托妮·莫里森在1993年获得诺贝尔文学奖，是历史上第一位获得该奖项的黑人妇女。《宠儿》常被誉她的代表作。在这本小说中，莫里森创造了一个以晦涩和神秘为特征的“现实”。这个现实逐步打破了读者的期待视野。该论文以第三种可能性，即超出一般西方理性的可能性，为中心，分析了期待视野被打破的过程。在分析中，本文着重讨论了死亡和活着，自我和他人以及真实和虚构这几对对立项之外的可能性在《宠儿》中的表现。从实质上讲，第三种可能性与对立物间界线的模糊是息息相关的，而这一现象在以往的研究当中被屡次注意和提及，但从未被仔细讨论过。本文从非洲哲学，马斯洛的需求层次论，心理分析理论以及后现代等角度，对该现象分三部分进行了讨论。 在第一部分，本文从非洲人对死亡和活着的角度，分析了贝比·萨格斯、塞丝、丹芙和宠儿各自的特殊的存在状态。 之后，本文转向自我和他人的问题上，以互为主体性(主体间性)，即《宠儿》中，124号里三个女人之间的亲密关系，为重点，讨论了124号里的女人是三个还是一个或存在第三种可能性。 最后，本文讨论了这篇小说是真实的还是虚构的，或存在第三种可能性。一方面，小说中有大量的时间和地点信息，都非常精确，在向读者证明这是个曾经在历史上发生过的故事．在另一方面，宠儿这一人物的出现总加强着作品的不真实性。 总之，第三种可能性的存在使得读者可以真切地体会到奴隶制给黑人所带来的难以名状的苦难，同时传递这样的信息：这段历史充满了人性的扭曲，在它随社会的发展消逝之前，应该被仔细品味。这就是托妮·莫里森的作品：绝对的美丽与本质上的政治性的结合。关键词:第三种可能性，晦涩和神秘，期待视野
Beloved is often regarded as the masterpiece of Toni Morrsion, the first black woman who won the Nobel Prize in 1993. In this novel, Morrison creates A REALITY marked by its elusiveness and mysteriousness. While analyzing how the reader"s horizon of expectations is broken in the process of reading, the thesis puts the focus on the Third Possibility-the unexpected possibility out of the common Western reason-in the issues about death and life, the self and the other, and the real and the fictional. Essentially, the Third Possibility is closely connected with the phenomena of obfuscating the boundaries between the opposites mentioned above, which has been constantly noticed and mentioned in previous researches, but has never been discussed in detail and in one thesis. However, from the angles of African Philosophy, Maslow"s Hierarchy of Needs, psychoanalysis theories and postmodernism, this thesis deals with this topic in three parts.In the first part, the special existence of Baby Suggs, Sethe, Denver and Beloved is analyzed through clarifying African understanding about death and living and Maslow"s Hierarchy of Needs.Then the thesis shifts to the third possibility out of being the self and being the other with the stress on intersubjectivity-the close connection among the three women in 124-trying to analyze whether the women in 124 are three or one.Finally, this thesis addresses the topic about what kind of story the novel is. Isit real or fictional or is there the third possibility? On the one hand, the novel provides the reader with more than enough information about the precise time and place of the main events in the novel, seemingly proving that the story has once happened in history; on the other hand, Beloved, the character, is always the source of fantasy.All in all, the Third Possibility enables the reader to vividly "feel" the unspeakable tribulation burdened by slavery to blacks, thus conveying the message that such history full of the distortion of human nature should be carefully tasted before it passes away with the progress of society. This is Toni Morrison"s work, inherently political and definitely beautiful at the same time.
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