论文标题:论普通话中表达个人意愿的否定形式 On the Negative Forms of Expressing Personal Wishes in putonghua 论文作者 李艳 论文导师 彭小川,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 现代汉语 论文单位 暨南大学,点击次数 161,论文页数 27页File Size1181k 2000-05-10论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_47659317/ 普通话,个人意愿,肯定形式,否定形式,预设 putonghua, personal wishes, positive forms, negatve forms, presupposition 在对外汉语教学中,我们发现,留学生尚未很好地掌握普通话中表达个人意愿的否定形式。 为此,我们统计了约200万字现代汉语普通话语料,首先对普通话中表达个人意愿的肯定形式进行了研究。在此基础上,从语义、句法、语用等方面分析、对比了表达个人意愿的否定形式的异同,从表达论的角度说明了几种否定形式的使用条件,初步建立起普通话中表达否定性个人意愿的范畴。 通过考察,我们发现,在表达否定性的个人意愿时,根据有无预设,可以将几种否定形式分成两小类。在每一小类内部又存在着层级和语义上的差异。 据此,我们提出下列看法: 1、在普通话中,当行为主体要表达自发的否定意愿时,一般用“不想”和“不”。此时,在否定强度上,“不”高于“不想”。 2、在普通话中,当行为主体对外界的要求作出否定性的回应时,一般用“不愿意”、“不肯”和“不”。此时,在否定强度上,“不”、“不肯”高于“不愿意”。 3、在普通话中,表达个人意愿的肯定形式和否定形式之间存在着不完全对称性,这是由肯定形式的语义强度的差别决定的。 In TCFL, we find that foreign Students have not grasped the negative forms ofexPressing personal wishes inputonghua.To solve the problem, we firstly Stlldy the positive forms of exPressing personawishes in about 2 million words putonghua langUage materials. Based on thes we analyseand comPare the similarities and differences of the negative forms of exPressingpersonal wishes from the aspects of semanics, synax and PYagmatics; exPlain the usingrequirements of the negative forms from the angle of EXPRESSION, and sot uP thecategory of expressing personal wishes negatively inputonghua.We put forward the following vieWPoints:l. In putOnghua When the action subect is to exPress sPonianeous negative wishes,"buxiang+m)", "bu (F)" are usually be chosen. On intensity, "bu (+)" is strongerthan "buxtwVm)".2. In putOnghua, When the action subect is to respond outside requrementsnegatively, "buyuanyi(Vgg) ", "buken(V#) "and "bu (F)"are usually be chosen. Onintensity "bu (+)", "buken(+%)" are stronger than "buyuanyi(+g#) ",.3. In putOnghua the positive and negative forms of expressing personal wishes inputOnghua are not absolutely symmetrical, Which is caused by the differences of thesyM intensity of the positive forms.
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