论文标题:社会救助法律制度研究
Research on the Civil Enforcement Act
论文作者 曹明睿
论文导师 李昌麒,论文学位 博士,论文专业 经济法学
论文单位 西南政法大学,点击次数 38,论文页数 173页File Size13390k
2004-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_482931342/ 农村土地制度;家庭承包经营责任制;土地产权体制;物权法;土地物权法;所有权;他物权;债权;农村土地权利制度;土地改革;集体化和人民公社化运动;家庭承包责任制;农村土地所有权;土地所有权;土地使用权;土地他项权;占有、使用、收益、处分;农用土地使用权、基地使用权(与国有土地上建筑的使用权利一致)、邻地使用权、担保物权(抵押权、质权、留置权
Estate system on countryside land;domestic contract liability system; estate right system on country land; property right law; property right law on land; ownership right; hetero-property right; creditor"s rights; Country land estate system; land reform;collectivized and communized movements; domestic contract liability system; land ownership right in our countryside; ownership right on land; usufruct right on land;hetero-property rights on land; hold, usufruct, proceeds and disposal; farmer land usufruct, construction land usufruct ( responded to the state construction land), adjacent land usufruct and security interest (mortgage right, impawn right and lien right)
本文以社会救助法律制度为研究对象，研究的目的是以经济法的理念和社会分配法的视角对社会救助法律制度的历史变迁、理论基础、我国相关法律制度运行绩效以及我国社会救助立法构想进行一次全面系统深入的理论检视，以期丰富经济法的理论研究成果，并为我国社会救助立法提供理论支持。全文约24万字，除引言和结论外，主要分为四个部分。 第一部分是社会救助法律制度的历史考察与历史变迁视角比较分析，其中包括社会救助词源考、外国(地区)社会救助法律制度述评、中国社会救助法律制度变迁考察以及中外社会救助法律制度历史变迁视角比较分析等内容，认为社会救助是一个现代概念，是在救荒、救灾、救济基础上发展出来的一个富有内涵的现代词汇，是国家和社会对长期或者临时陷入贫困的公民，通过动员社会财富的再分配，给予其最低生活保障并适当考虑其发展的一种对策和行动。社会救助整体上反映了一种社会财富的分配关系，而且主要是在再分配的层次上完成的，其目的是为了克服贫困，其实施区分为普通救助和紧急救助(或长期救助和临时救助)，其义务主体是国家和社会，其权利主体是全体公民，其权利义务的内容主要是一定物质利益的给付与享有，其客体是代表一定利益的物质，其范围随着社会文明的进步日益扩大，其水平主要受经济发展程度的制约。现代社会中社会救助接受相应法律制度的规制。通过对中外社会救助法律制度历史变迁视角的比较分析，认为二者的相近之处表现为社会救助法律制度的供给都体现出规制国家适度干预相关再分配经济关系的需求，都体现为对相关再分配经济关系的一种法律调整，在各国受到普遍重视，其救助对象都区分为一般对象和特殊对象，民众接受社会救助普遍经历了由恩惠到权利的变迁，社会救助普遍经历了由消极被动到积极主动模式的发展，由完全无偿向一定义务负担的转变，民间力量在社会救助中的作用普遍得到重视；差异之处表现为城乡分制模式选择不同，社会救助内容侧重点有所不同，社会救助的法治化程度不同，社会救助法律制度设计的目的存在区别，社会救助法律制度设计的指导思想不同。这些共性和个性特征存在表明社会救助法律制度反映出了对人类共同需求提供满足的一种公共选择表达方式，体现出立法者在社会救助法律制度设计和实施方面的持续尝试和努力，同时也表明社会救助法律制度的设计和实施都存在对相关背景制度的路径依赖，附着了该国政治、经济、文化等方面制度的深刻影响和限制。 第二部分是社会救助法律制度的理论基础分析，其中包括社会救助法律制度部门归属辨、社会救助法律制度的基本理念剖析、社会救助法律制度的理论支持以及社会救助法律制度的价值分析等内容，认为社会救助法律制度规制了由社会救助行为所反映出来的这种需要国家适度干预的再分配经济关系，反映并决定了这种再分配经济关系的牵连和分布，同时反映和决定了在国家适度干预下相关社会救助利益的分配和流向，其出现媒介了国家和贫困者之间因为贫困现象而生成的法律关系，这一法律制度归属于经济法部门中的社会分配法律制度子部门，明显地体现着经济法的本质属性——国家对需要干预的经济关系的适度干预。认为社会救助法律制度的基本理念应该从公民权利张扬和保护的视角加以理解，依赖于公民权利弘杨和保护的制度需求，国家对这部分再分配经济关系的规制才有了合法性和合理性基础，社会救助法律制度也主要是为了维护和回应公民的这种权利诉求才应运而生并逐渐现代化的，其产生并随着社会发展而变迁的历史演进轨迹中所信守的基本理念主要包括两层内容:一是生存权理念的基本支撑，二是发展权理念的渐进扩张。穷人的生存联系着富人的义务，国家成为生存权的保障人。同时发展权成为生存权的必然要求，在没有上限的生存欲求中发展个人并使之与社会进步相一致，因为适应了社会要求而成为一种必然。生存权中只确定生存的最低标准，本身就蕴涵了对贫困者发展权的肯定。认为法哲学的正义理论、经济学的边际效用理论、社会学的社会控制理论以及市民社会和政治国家理论能够为社会救助法律制度存在和建构的合理性与科学性提供理论支持。关注弱势群体的利益保障已经成为文明社会发展中的正义内涵;满足那些弱势群体最低需要的物品，其边际效用当然就要比这些最低需要己经得到满足甚至是大大满足的人们大得多;社会救助法律制度承担着对由于各种原因陷入贫困的人进行社会有效控制的主要责任;政治国家最基本的功能就是回应市民社会生存权等基本安全需要，社会救助法律制度明晰了市民社会和政治国家在市民生存权遇到障碍时各自的权利与义务。认为社会救助法律制度的价值主要体现在其公平价值和安全价值方面。平等和效率之间的冲突是无法避免的，在平等中注入一些合理性，在效率中注入一些人道，这也许是对平等和效率关系的较优选择，也是一种较为可欲的公平价值观，社会救助法律制度对生存权利诉求的回应，也正回应了对公平价值的呼唤;同时社会救助法律制度有效整合着贫困者的力量，化解着他们的无奈和反抗，为安全价值的维护发挥着自己的作用。 第三部分是中国社会救助法律?
This thesis is on the study of social assistance legal institutions.The purpose of this research is to theoretically inspect the social assistance legal institutions"historical changes and theoretical basis,the operative effectiveness of Chinese relative institutions and the legislative idea of Chinese social assistance according to the concept of economic law and in the light of social distributive law,in order to widen the theoretical achievements in the research of economic law and provide some theoretical support for the legislation of Chinese social assistance.The dissertation (approximately 240,000 words)mainly consists of four parts except introduction and conclusion.Part one is about the historical investigation and the comparative analysis of the social assistance legal institutions,which includes the etymology of "social assistance",the commentary on the relative institutions in foreign countries or regions,the observation on Chinese relative institutions and the comparative analysis in the light of historical changes between China and the foreign ones,and so on.The author holds that "social assistance" is a modern and meaningful concept which comes from the concept of helping to tide over a crop failure,providing disaster relief and relieving the distress,and is a kind of countermeasures and actions that state and society provide the lowest life security meanwhile considering the development appropriately for the citizens when they meet the long-term or short-term poverty by mobilizing the redistributiion of the social wealth.lt reflects a sort of distributive relations of social wealth wholely,which is mainly finished through the redistributive methods. Its aim is to overcome the poverty and its implement is distinguished into common assistance and critical assistance (or long-term assistance and short-term assistance),and its compulsory subject is state and society and its right subject is the whole citizens,and its contents of rights and duties are mainly the delivery and enjoyment of some material benefits,and its object is the material benefits,and its range is expanded steadily along with the progress in social civilization,and its level is limited by the degree of economic development.It is regulated by the relative legal institutions in modern society.By means of the comparative analysis in the light of historical changes between China and the foreign ones,the auther considers that their similar aspects are that the supply of the relative institutions both reflects the the demand regulating the relative redistributive economic relations intervened by state appropriately,both reflects a kind of legal adjustments for the relative redistributive economic relations;the relative legal institutions are paid more attentions to generally in all countries;the succoured objects are all distinguished into common ones and special ones generally;citizens receiving social assistance experience the changes from bounty to right generaily;social assistance undergoes the development style from negative one to positive one and the changes from free burdens wholely to burdens of some duties;the functions of nongovernmental strength in social assistance are paid more attentions "to generally.Their different aspects are that the patten option of distinguished institutions for the urban and rural areas is different;the special emphasis on the contents of social assistance is some different;the level of legislation for social assistance is different;the purpose and the guiding ideology of the design for the social assistance legal institutions are different.The existence of these general and specific characters reflects a kind of expressed ways on the basis of public choice that provides the satisfactions for the human common demands and reflects the sustainable attemps and efforts of legislators in the design and implement of the social assistance legal institutions;and at thesame time reflects the path dependence of the relative connected institutions in the design and implement of the relative legal inst
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