论文标题:论抗战时期根据地的乡村民主政治建设
On the CPC"s Countryside Democracy Construction During the War of Resistance Against Japan
论文作者 李伟中
论文导师 袁竞雄,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 中国近现代史
论文单位 广西师范大学,点击次数 143,论文页数 31页File Size1564k
2000-04-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_48297932/ 抗日根据地;乡村民主政治建设;村民民主自治
toe countryside democracy construction;the basic area for the resistance against Japan;the villagers"self-government
中国是个传统意义上的农业国家，农村问题，农业问题，始终是中国革命和建设的根本问题。在改革开放的今天，农村在整个中国社会中的重要地位依然如此。因此，研究中国共产党在抗战时期领导的根据地的乡村民主政治建设，总结历史的经验教训，对于中国近现代历史的完善和我们当代的社会主义村民民主自治建设，显然有重要的历史意义和积极的现实意义。 鸦片战争前后，近代民主政治的观念随着西学传入了中国。受其影响，中国传统的封建专制政治形态开始发生变化。在农村基层，封建地主阶级占统治地位的传统政治秩序也开始有所变动。在制度层面，传统的里甲制逐渐解体，取而代之的是具有自治性质的乡村制和市村制；在统治力量上，随着官僚买办和民族资产阶级的锲入(这些新阶层的数量并不大)，传统的乡村统治阶层开始出现了多元化的发展趋向。然而，直到抗战前夕，由于社会上层变革与基层变革的脱节，改革者与乡村民众的脱离，中国乡村政治秩序的变化相对于社会上层的激烈变动来说是十分缓慢的；而且，受整个社会性质的影响，抗战以前的中国农村依然处于一种半殖民地半封建的社会状态，只不过封建主义的因素在其中所占的比重要更大一些。 抗战爆发以后，中国共产党及其领导下的八路军挺进到华北敌后。他们在创建敌后抗日根据地、开展游击战争的同时，又领导根据地的广大军民开展了乡村民主政治建设。这种民主政治建设以乡村民主政权的建设为中心，其主要内容包括：组织各种乡村抗日民众团体，开展民主的普选运动，建设民主的乡村政权，广泛开展各类民主运动等四个方面。抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设对于根据地的巩固和发展起了重要作用，同时也为根据地的新民主主义社会建设奠定了坚实基础。 综合考察敌后抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设，有四个主要特点：第一、敌后抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设是中国共产党具有开拓性的伟大尝试；第二、敌后抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设是中国共产党在抗战时期进行民族解放战争的一种策略；第三、敌后抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设是一项系统的社会工程；第四、敌后抗日根据地的乡村民主政治建设是一种具有初步新民主主义性质的民主政治建设。 无论在当时还是今天看来，中国共产党领导的根据地的乡村民主政治建设都是一种成功的历史实践，具有积极而又重大的历史意义。首先，这种建设为中国共产党创造了一个 进行民族革命战争的战略基地，为中共坚持持久抗战提供了依托之所，为抗日战争和随后 解放战争的胜利打下了坚实基础；其次，这种建设开始从根本上打破阻碍中国社会发展的 旧秩序，又逐渐营造了一个适应中国走向现代化的新秩序；再次，这种建设在实践中积累 了丰富的历史经验和教训，给我们当代的村民民主自治提供了宝贵的借鉴。 抗战时期根据地的乡村民主政治建设给我们提供的历史借鉴主要有：建设乡村民主政 治首先要解抉农民的经济问题；通过组织民众团体来培养民众的国家和民族观念；要推动 乡村民主政治建设的继续前进，就必须及时解决农村在建设中所出现的问题；县级政权 的建设要适应乡村民主政治建设发展的需要；加强法制建设是乡村民主政治建设的保障： 加强党的建设是乡村民主政治建设的关键。
As china is a traditional agriculture country, the fanner and the countryside always play a fundamental role in this country"s revolution and it"s construction. Even nowadays, it also does that In this case, the study on CPC"s countryside democracy construction during the War of Resistance against Japan and the sum-up on historic lesson in that period will have a positive influence on Chinese modem history research and her villagers" self-government construction at presentAfter the Opium War, with the spread of western culture in China , the thought concerning democracy was gradually accepted by this country"s people, it"s effect on Chinese political building was more and more obviousry.In the countryside, the traditional politic construction.which the feudal landlord had occupied a dominant position for more than two thousand years, had begun to change. On the political institution, the traditional Lijiazhi in the countryside began to disintegrate, the institution of Xiangcun and Shicun took it"s place gradually, which had some similar with the modem self-government on the character. On the rulers" rank, the appearance of the compressor and the bourgeoisie had made this group poryarchy. although their amount was not great However, because of die divorce between the up-class reform and the separation between the reformer and this country"s citizen, the reform couldn"t cliange this country"s society character, the mivx still lived a misery life in this semi-feudal and semi-colony society. This situationhad not much cliange until the broken of the war in. 1937. The only difference form the up-class society is that the feudalism played a more important role in die rural areaWhen die war was broken, the CPC with her arm po\ver in shannxi pTtnince marched into die northern area of China, At that time, this area had been occupied by Japanese aggressors. With die aid of CPC and her army, the 晇illagers in danger were organized to construct die basic area behind die invader"s front resist against Japan. Moreover, die CPC also managed to cam out die democracy in die rural area of die base. The democracv- construction consisted of four parts: die found of mass organizations, die fair vote for leader"s election, die build of the democracy \illage regime and the lunch of democratic campaigns. In tiiese four parts, die build of democracy village regime was die core of diis construction. The construction contributed much to the basic area"s consolidation and its development thus laid a strong foundation for the build of die new democratic society in die basic area.From die comprehensive survey on CPC"s countryside democracy construction, we can fond four main characters. First it is the CPC"s great pioneer try on democracy construction in die rural area Second, it is die CPC"stactics to carry out China"s liberating war. Third, die democracy construction is a s>"stems social project Fourth, die construction has the nature of new democraticalism.In the view of history or reality, die CPC"s village democracy construction can be regarded as an event of historic significance. First of all the construction created a strategic base to earn," out CPC"s revolutionary war, stood the CPC "s protracted fight against Japanese aggression, dius laid a strong foundation for the CPC"s \ictories in the war against Japanese invasion and Guomindang"s reactionary rule. Secondly, die construction, once and for all, began to break die old order dial hindered this country"s development and created a new order that suited China"s modernization. At last as a pioneer try, dieCPC"s democracy construction in rural area had accumulated a wealth of experience for today"s villager self-government constructioaThe lessons left by CPC"s democracy build during the War as follows: One, a settlement of farmers" economic problems is an essential prerequisite to make the PIESS participate the democratic constructioa Two, founding mass organizations is an important way to enhance the fanners" approval to their country and their nation. Three, de
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