论文标题:论康德人是最高目的的目的论思想
Discussion on the Thought of Kant"s Purpose Theory That People Are the Highest Purpose
论文作者 于永坤
论文导师 韩秋红,论文学位 硕士,论文专业 马克思主义哲学
论文单位 东北师范大学,点击次数 100,论文页数 32页File Size1828k
2005-05-01论文网 http://www.lw23.com/lunwen_491798047/ 人;目的;目的论;人是目的;价值
people; purpose; purpose theory; the purpose of people; value
康德哲学是以人为最高目的的目的论思想体系。在目的论中,康德把自然、社会、人作为一个统一的含目的性系统,该系统中任何一个环节都是有用的部分而相互依存,互为因果。人在这一系统中是唯一能规定自己的目的,能对自然做出价值判断的存在,所以人是自然的最高目的。同时,人也是自身的最高目的。自然向人的生成过程就是人变成文明人的过程,自然的必然和道德的必然在目的论中得到了统一。在康德哲学中,人是最高目的的目的论思想贯穿于始终。无论是在合目的性思想中,还是在“三大批判”思想中,对于人是最高目的的目的论思想都有所体现。正因为康德哲学思想背后所暗含着人是最高目的的目的论思想,所以康德的哲学思想对以后的哲学都产生了十分深刻的影响,对以后哲学有着十分重大的历史价值和现实价值。康德人是最高目的的目的论思想不仅直接影响着德国古典哲学和西方现代哲学,而且还深深地影响到了马克思主义哲学。可以说,正是在康德人是最高目的的目的论思想的影响下,德国古典哲学家、西方现代的哲学家,以及马克思主义哲学家都充分意识到人是哲学的主题和主体,人的问题是哲学问题中的核心问题,人是哲学的最高目的,在哲学中不能失落了人。任何哲学如果失落了人,把人自身问题排除到哲学视野之外,那都不会有很好的发展前途可言的。 本文主要分为三大部分。第一部分,主要介绍在西方哲学史中的人是最高目的的目的论思想渊源;第二部分,主要阐述康德的哲学思想中所体现的人是最高目的的目的论思想;第三部分,主要阐述康德人是最高目的的目的论思想的历史和现实价值,即对后世哲学的影响。
Kant"s philosophy is an ideological system of purpose theory that people are the highest purpose. In the purpose theory, Kant considered the nature , society, and people as an integrated system including purpose, and any element is also valuable part which is co-existence and co-effect in this system. However, only can people regulate self-purpose and judge the existence of nature"s value. So people are the highest purpose of nature. Meanwhile, people are also the highest purpose of themselves. The process of nature to people is the process of people to civilized people. The necessity of nature and moral is certain to be integrated in the purpose theory. In Kant"s philosophy, people are the thought of the highest purpose theory which had run through the beginning to the end, and which is not only embodied in the purpose of thought but also the thought of "Three Criticism". Just because the back of Kant"s philosophy implicated the thought of people"s highest purpose theory, his philosophical thought had a deep influence to the later philosophy, and it had played a very important role of historical value and reality value to the later philosophy, too. Kant"s purpose discussion not only influenced directly to the classical Germany philosophy and modern western philosophy but influenced the Marxism philosophy deeply. It may say that classical Germany philosophers, modern western philosophers and Marxism philosophers who were under the influence of Kant"s purpose theory had realized completely that people are the theme and the main body of the philosophy, people"s problems are the core of the philosophical problems, and people are the highest purpose of philosophy. So people must have to be mentioned in philosophy, otherwise the philosophy would have no better future.This paper has three parts. The first part: to mainly introduce the ideological originality of the people"s highest purpose theory in the western philosophy history. The second part: to mainly explicate the thought of people"s highest purpose theory in Kant"s philosophy. The third part: to mainly explicate the -reality and historical value of Kant"s purpose theory, that is the influence on the later philosophy.
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